The Department of Paediatrics and Child Health is committed to achieving our vision and mission of a “Children’s Hospital within a Hospital,” building on pillars of quality service improvement, client satisfaction and efficiency. ​​ Over the years, we have steadily grown our highly qualified faculty in order to ensure that quality and personalized training is available to our residents. Our paediatric service facilities at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi provide a fully equipped, modern medical learning environment. Our faculty is well qualified and offer dedicated inpatient and outpatient services at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi with various areas of specialization that include; critical care and emergency medicine, endocrinology and metabolic disorders, neonatology, neurology, hematoncology, respiratory medicine, gastroenterology, nutrition and infectious diseases. Over and above clinical and teaching responsibilities, many members of our faculty engage in research with publications on various topics such as leukemia in children, HIV and epilepsy, neonatal growth parameters as well as drug therapy for children in Africa.

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Submissions from 2022

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Hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics and fetal hemoglobin response in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia, Alexandra Power-Hays, Min Dong, Kathryn McElhinney, Andrea Conroy, Teresa Latham, Adam Lane, Robert Opoka, Alexander Vinks, and Russell Ware

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Alternative dosing and prevention of transfusions (adapt): a prospective trial evaluating transfusion utilization and the feasibility of pharmacokinetic hydroxyurea, A. Power-Hays, Ruth Namazzi, C. Kato, Andrea Conroy, H. Hume, C. John, S. Stuber, A. Lane, T. Latham, and Robert Opoka

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SARS-CoV-2 precipitating a stroke in a child? A case report from Tanzani, Rukhsar Sabir Rukhsar Shabir Osman; Saliha Shafik Dawood; Sheliza Parve Sheliza Parvez Thawer,; Shivangi Mukesh Mandania; Mudassir Hussein Amirali,; Maria Nathaniel Bulimba; Nahida Z. Walli; Edward Nkingwa Kija; and Hussein Karim Manji

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Epilepsy research in Africa: A scoping review by the ILAE Pediatric Commission Research Advocacy Task Force, Pauline Samia, Jane Hassell, Jessica Hudson, Azim Ahmed, Jasmit Shah, Charles Hammond, Edward Kija, Stéphane Auvin, and Jo Wilmshurst

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Education for children and adolescents living with disabilities in sub–Saharan Africa—The gaps and opportunities, Pauline Samia, Katherine Oyieke, Barnabas Kigen, and Susan Wamithi

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Options in the Treatment of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Implications for Low Resource Areas, Pauline Samia, Katherine Oyieke, Dorcas Tunje, Anaita Udwadia-Hegde, Kristen Feemster, Ibrahim Oncel, and Banu Anlar

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Child disability and family-centred care in East Africa: Perspectives from a workshop with stakeholders and health practitioners, Pauline Samia, Susan Wamithi, Amina Kassam, Melissa Tirkha, Edward Kija, Ayalew Moges, Arnab Seal, Peter Rosenbaum, and Robert Armstrong

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Intestinal injury biomarkers predict mortality in pediatric severe malaria, Maithri L. Sarangam, Ruth Namazzi, Dibyadyuti Datta, Caitlin Bond, Charles Vanderpool, Robert Opoka, Chandy John, and Andrea Conroy

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International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions, Nicola Specchio, Elaine C. Wirrell, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Rima Nabbout, Kate Riney, Pauline Samia, Marilisa Guerreiro, Sam Gwer, Sameer M. Zuberi, and Jo M. Wilmshurs

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132:poster Cost-effectiveness of using hydroxyurea to treat sickle cell anemiain uganda: a model-based comparison of two dosing regimens, David Teigen, Robert Opoka, Philip Kasirye, Catherine Nabaggala, Heather Hume, Bjørn Blomberg, Chandy John, and Russell Ware

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Limited resources restrict the provision of adequate neonatal respiratory care in the countries of Africa, Lloyd Tooke, Danielle E. Y. Ehret, Angela Okolo, Sithembile Dlamini- Nqeketo, Yaseen Joolay, Steeve Minto’o, Shakti Pillay, Yaser Abdallah, Helga Naburi, Daouda Ndour, Naana Brobby, and Alexander G. Stevenson

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Sickle cell anaemia and severe plasmodium falciparum malaria: a secondary analysis of the transfusion and treatment of african children trial, Sophie Uyoga, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Roisin Connon, Sarah Kiguli, Robert Opoka, Florence Alaroker, Rita Muhindo, Alexander W. Macharia, Arjen M. Dondorp, and Diana M. Gibb

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Association between fetal abdominal growth trajectories, maternal metabolite signatures early in pregnancy, and childhood growth and adiposity: prospective observational multinational INTERBIO-21st fetal study, Jose Villar, Roseline Ochieng, Robert B. Gunier, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Stephen Rauch, Rose McGready, Julia M. Gauglitz, Fernando C. Barros, Manu Vatish, and Michelle Fernandes

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Improving the diagnosis of severe malaria in African children using platelet counts and plasma PfHRP2 concentrations, James A. Watson, Sophie Uyoga, Perpetual Wanjiru, Johnstone Makale, Gideon Nyutu, Neema Mturi, Elizabeth George, Charles Woodrow, Nicholas Day, Philip Bejon, and Robert Opoka

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Methodology for classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with list of syndromes: Report of the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions, Elaine C. Wirrell, Rima Nabbout, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Taoufik Alsaadi, Alicia Bogacz, Jacqueline A. French, Edouard Hirsch, Satish Jain, Sunao Kaneko, and Pauline Samia

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Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among children with congenital heart disease at three tertiary hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya., Shamsa Yahya

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ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions, Sameer M. Zuberi, Elaine Wirrell, Elissa Yozawitz, Jo M. Wilmshurst, Nicola Specchio, Kate Riney, Ronit Pressler, Stephane Auvin, Pauline Samia, and Edouard Hirsch

Submissions from 2021

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Growth of preterm very low birth weight infants discharged with weight of less than 1500grams, Yaser Abdallah, Flavia Namiiro, Jolly Nankunda, Jamiru Mugalu, and Yvonne Vaucher

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Qualitative needs assessment for paediatric emergency care in Kampala, Uganda, Boyoung Ahn, Ezekiel Mupere, Belén Irarrázaval, Robert Opoka, Hellen Aanyu Tukamuhebwa, Corey Bills, Dorothy Gingo, and Nicolaus Glomb

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Evaluating kidney function using a point-of-care creatinine test in Ugandan children with severe malaria: a prospective cohort study, Anthony Batte, Kristin Murphy, Ruth Namazzi, Katrina Co, Robert Opoka, John Ssenkusu, Chandy John, and Andrea Conroy

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Perfusion Index as an Indicator for Mortality in Children with Plasmodium falciparum Severe Malaria, Wes Boland, Caitlin Bond, Ruth Namazzi, Paul Bangirana, Robert Opoka, Dibyadyuti Datta Datta, and Chandy John

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Identification of thresholds for accuracy comparisons of heart rate and respiratory rate in neonates, Jesse Coleman, Amy Ginsburg, William Macharia, R. Ochieng, and et al

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Incidence and predictors of hospital readmission in children presenting with severe anaemia in Uganda and Malawi, Roisin Connon, Elizabeth George, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Sarah Kiguli, George Chagaluka, Florence Alaroker, Robert Opoka, Ayub Mpoya, and Kevin Walsh

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Incidence and predictors of hospital readmission in children presenting with severe anaemia in Uganda and Malawi: a secondary analysis of TRACT trial data, Roisin Connon, Elizabeth George, Peter Olupot Olupot, Sarah Kiguli, George Chagaluka, Florence Alaroker, Robert Opoka, Ayub Mpoya, Kevin Walsh, and Charles Engoru

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Parenteral artemisinins are associated with reduced mortality and neurologic deficits and improved long-term behavioral outcomes in children with severe malaria, Andrea Conroy, Robert Opoka, Paul Bangirana, Ruth Namazzi, Allen Okullo, Michael Georgieff, Sarah Cusick, Richard Idro, and John Ssenkusu

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Association of plasma tau with mortality and long-term neurocognitive impairment in survivors of pediatric cerebral malaria and severe malarial anemia, Dibyadyuti Datta, Paul Bangirana, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Caitlin Bond, Yi Zhao, Keisuke Kawata, Andrew Saykin, and Chandy John

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Parental knowledge and attitudes towards food allergy, Namuli Jane Francis

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Multiparameter Continuous Physiological Monitoring Technologies in Neonates Among Health Care Providers and Caregivers at a Private Tertiary Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya: Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability Study, Amy Ginsburg Ginsburg, Mai-Lei Kinshella, Violet Naanyu, Jessica Rigg, Dorothy Chomba, Jesse Coleman, Bella Hwang, Roseline Ochieng, J Mark Ansermino, and William Macharia

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Evaluating neonatal medical devices in Africa, Amy Ginsburg, William Macharia, and J Mark Ansermino

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The prevalence of albuminuria in children with chronic kidney disease in two tertiary hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya, Mercy Wambui Githumbi

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Decreased parasite burden and altered host response in children with sickle cell anemia and severe anemia with malaria, Ryan Henrici, Casey Sautter, Caitlin Bond, Robert Opoka, Ruth Namazzi, Dibyadyuti Datta, Russell Ware, Andrea Conroy, and Chandy John

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Estimated cost-effectiveness of solar-powered oxygen delivery for pneumonia in young children in low-resource settings, Yiming Huang, Qaasim Mian, Nicholas Conradi, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, and Michael Hawkes

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Validity and acceptability of the Kiswahili-paediatric gait, arms, legs and spine (pgals) screening tool at a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya, JACQUELINE EVARIST KAWISHE

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Children’s oxygen administration strategies and nutrition trial (coast-nutrition): a protocol for a phaseII randomised controlled trial, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olopot-Olupot, Florence Alaroker, Charles Engoru, Robert Opoka, Abner Tagoola, Mainga Hamaluba, Hellen Mnjalla, Christabel Mogaka, and Damalie Nalwanga

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Specialty career preferences among final year medical students at Makerere University College of health sciences, Uganda: a mixed methods study, Job Kuteesa, Victor Musiime, Ian Munabi, Aloysius Mubuuke, Robert Opoka, David Mukunya, and Sarah Kiguli

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Risk-stratification of febrile African children at risk of sepsis using sTREM-1 as basis for a rapid triage test, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Andrea Conroy, Michael Hawkes, Melissa Richard Greenblat, Kathleen Zhong, Robert Opoka, Sophie Namasopo, David Bell, Conrad Liles, and Bruno Costa

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Estimation of Burden of Kidney Dysfunction in HIV-infected Pediatrics and Adolescents by Use of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: A Single Center Experience in Kenya, Anne Lomole, William Macharia, Mary Limbe, Doris Kinuthia, and Samuel Kabinga

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You Can Collaborate and Go Together to Do Family Planning”: A Qualitative Endline Evaluation Study of Male Engagement in Promoting Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Services in Rural Kenya, Adelaide Lusambili, Stefania Wisofschi, Constance Shumba, .... ...., Anthony Ngugi, and et al

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Teleneurology based management of Infantile spasms during COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus report by the South Asia Allied West Syndrome Research Group, Priyanka Madaan, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Jithangi Wanigasinghe, Kanij Fatema, Kyaw Linn, Mimi Lhamu Mynak, Nicolás Garófalo Gómez, Pauline Samia, Prakash Poudel, and Prem Chand

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Randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal therapy in African children with pneumonia, Kath Maitland, Susan Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Mainga Hamaluba, Karen Thomas, Florence Alaroker, Robert Opoka, Abner Tagoola, Victor Lewa Bandika, and Ayub Mpoya

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Transfusion management of severe anaemia in African children: a consensus algorithm, Kathryn Maitland, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Yami Chimalizeni, Robert Opoka, Florence Alaroker, Sophie Uyoga, Dorothy Kyeyune-Byabazaire, and Bridon M'baya

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Dynamic modulation of spleen germinal center reactions by gut bacteria during Plasmodium infection, Rabindra Mandal, Joshua Denny, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Dibyadyuti Datta, Chandy John, and Nathan Schmidt

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The impact of undernutrition on cognition in children with severe malaria and community children: a prospective 2-year cohort study, Waruiru Mburu, Andrea Conroy, Sarah Cusick, Paul Bangirana, Caitlin Bond, Yi Zhao, Robert Opoka, and Chandy John

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Adipose tissue parasite sequestration drives leptin production in mice and correlates with human cerebral malaria, Pedro Mejia, Humberto Treviño-Villarreal, Mariana De Niz, Elamaran Meibalan, Alban Longchamp, Justin Reynolds, Lindsey Turnbull, Robert Opoka, Christian Roussilhon, and Tobias Spielmann

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Pediatric rheumatology in Africa: thriving amidst challenges, Angela Migowa, Djohra Hadef, Wafa Hamdi, Oscar Mwizerwa, Madeleine Ngandeu, Yassmin Taha, Faleye Ayodele, Kate Webb, and Christiaan Scott

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Development of a feedback framework within a mentorship alliance using activity theory, Aloysius Mubuuke, Ian Guyton Munabi, Scovia Mbalinda, David Patrick Kateete, Robert Opoka, Rose Nabirye, and Sarah Kiguli

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Health-related quality of life of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease after nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy tube insertion, Felix Wafula Musibi

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Effect of hydroxyurea therapy on the incidence of infections in ugandan children with sickle cell anaemia, Ruth Namazzi, Andrea Conroy, Caitlin Bond, Micheal Goings, Dibyadyuti Datta, Russell Ware, Jeong Hoon Jang, Chandy John, and Robert Opoka

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Monitoring Respiratory Rate in Neonates Using the Rrate Mobile App, Catherine Njeru, Mark Ansermino, Dustin Dunsmuir, Jesse Coleman, Amy Ginsburg, and William Macharia

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Complementary Feeding: Is It The Forgotten Factor of The First 1000 Days of Life?, Catherine Njeru, Anthony Ngugi, Caroline Kathomi, and Mary Limbe

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Adherence to community versus facility-based delivery of monthly malaria chemoprevention with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the post-discharge management of severe anemia, Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe, Bjarne Robberstad, Mavuto Mukaka, Richard Idro, Robert Opoka, Saidon Banda, Melf-Jakob Kühl, Feiko Ter Kuile, and Bjorn Blomberg

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Residency training on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic - a qualitative study from Tanzania, Mariam Noorani, Hussein Manji, Elizabeth Mmari, Samina Somji, Nahida Z. Walli, Sherin Kassamali, Shabbir Adamjee, Nancy Matillya, Hanifa Mbithe, Aliasger Nagri, and Neelam Ismail

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Clinicians’ perceptions of pediatric assent for invasive Bedside procedures at three tertiary referral Hospitals in Nairobi county, Kenya., Grace Petrine Oyito Omondi

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Plasma angiopoietin-2 is associated with age-related deficits in cognitive sub-scales in Ugandan children following severe malaria, Benson Ouma, Paul Bangirana, John Ssenkusu, Dibyadyuti Datta, Robert Opoka, Richard Idro, Kevin Kain, and Chandy John

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A COASTal view: where prior beliefs and uncertainty collide, Mark J. Peters, William Macharia, and Elizabeth Molyneux

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Growth faltering and developmental delay in HIV-exposed uninfected Ugandan infants: a prospective cohort study, Sirajee Reshma, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, Stephanie Lavoie, Sarah Forgie, Bukola Salami, and Michael Hawkes

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Maternal and newborn health risks of climate change: A call for awareness and global action, Nathalie Roos, Sari Kovats, Shakoor Hajat, and et al

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Barriers to early initiation of breastfeeding in healthy neonates in an urban hospital setting, Davis Rubagumya, Muzdalfat Abeid, Eric Aghan, and Mariam Noorani

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Qualitative exploration of feasibility and acceptability of the modified Atkins diet therapy for children with drug resistant epilepsy in Kenya, Pauline Samia, Violet Naanyu, J. Helen Cross, Richard Idro, Paul Boon, Jo Wilmshurst, and Stanley Luchters

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Childhood Epilepsy at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya, Pauline Samia, Nicholas Odero, Maureen Njoroge, Shem Ochieng, Jacqueline Mavuti, Sheila Waa, and Samson Gwer

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Self-reported knowledge, attitudes, practices and barriers in use of evidence-based medicine among resident physicians in Kenya: a mixed methods study, Megha Unadkat, Caroline K. Mbuba, Anthony Ngugi, and Dorothy Kamya

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Evaluation of a contactless neonatal physiological monitor in Nairobi, Kenya, Dee Wang, William Macharia, Roseline Ochieng, Dorothy Chomba, Yifat S. Hadida, Roman Karasik, Dustin Dunsmuir, Jesse Coleman, Guohai Zhou, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, and J Mark Ansermino

Submissions from 2020

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants at a tertiary healthcare facility in Nairobi, Kenya, Nusrat Abubakar, Rose Kamenwa, Mary Limbe, Mitchel Otieno Okumu, and William Macharia

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COVID-19 and the practice of rheumatology in Africa: big changes to services from the shockwave of a pandemic, Richard Oluyinka Akintayo, Akpabio Akpabio, Asgar Kalla, Dzifa Dey, Angela Migowa, Hakeem Olaosebikan, Yasser El Miedany, Rachid Bahiri, Djohra Hadef, and Wafa Hamdi

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African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic, Richard Oluyinka Akintayo, Rachid Bahiri, Yasser El Miedany, Hakeem Olaosebikan, Asgar Ali Kalla, Adewale Olukayode Adebajo, Angela Migowa, Samy Slimani, Ouma Devi Koussougbo, and Ben Abdelghani Kawther

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The efficacy of appropriate paper-based technology for Kenyan children with cerebral palsy, Catherine Barton, John Buckley, Pauline Samia, Fiona Williams, Suzan R. Taylor, and Rachel Lindoewood

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Methods to estimate baseline creatinine and define acute kidney injury in lean Ugandan children with severe malaria: a prospective cohort study, Anthony Batte, Michelle Starr, Andrew Schwaderer, Robert Opoka, Ruth Namazzi, Erika Phelps Nishiguchi, John Ssenkusu, Chandy John, and Andrea Conroy

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Evaluating Immunopathogenic Biomarkers During Severe Malaria Illness as Modifiers of the Neuropsychologic Benefits of Computer Cognitive Games Rehabilitation in Ugandan Children, Michael Boivin, Alla Sikorskii, Noeline Nakasujja, Horacio Ruiseñor- Escudero, Itziar -Lopez Lopez, Robert Opoka, and Bruno Giordani

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Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein Concentrations on Admission Are Associated With Long-term Neurologic and Cognitive Impairment in Ugandan Children With Cerebral Malaria, Andrea L. Conroy, Peter F. Castelluccio, John M. Ssenkusu, Gregory S. Park, Robert Opoka, Paul Bangirana, Richard Idro, Andrew J. Saykin, and Chandy C. John

Delayed iron improves iron status without altering malaria risk in severe malarial anemia, Sarah Cusick, Robert Opoka, Andrew Ssemata, Michael Georgieff, and Chandy John

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Delayed iron improves iron status without altering malaria risk in severe malarial anemia, Sarah Cusick, Robert Opoka, Andrew Ssemata, Michael Georgieff, and Chandy John

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Improving musculoskeletal health for children and young people – A ‘call to action’, Helen E. Foster, Christiaan Scott, Carl J. Tiderius, Matthew B. Dobbs, Elizabeth Ang, Sirirat Charuvanij, Wendy Costello, Marja Kinnunen, Laura B. Lewandowski, and Angela Migowa

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Evaluation of non-invasive continuous physiological monitoring devices for neonates in Nairobi, Kenya: a research protocol, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Evangelyn Nkwopara, William Macharia, Roseline Ochieng, Mary Waiyego, Guohai Zhou, Roman Karasik, Shuai Xu, and J Mark Ansermino

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Global Gaps in Training Opportunities for Pediatricians and Pediatric Subspecialists, Beth D. Harper, Waceke Nganga, Robert Armstrong, Kevin D. Forsyth, Hazen P. Ham, Julie Vincuilla, William J. Keenan, Judith S. Palfrey, and Christiana M. Russ

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Use of a three-band HRP2/pLDH combination rapid diagnostic test increases diagnostic specificity for falciparum malaria in Ugandan children., Michael Hawkes, Andrea L. Conroy, Robert Opoka, Sophie Namasopo, W Conrad Liles, Chandy C. John, and Kevin C. Kain

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Determining the quality of life of children living with epilepsy in Kenya—A cross-sectional study using the CHEQOL-25 tool, Raana Hussain; James Orwa; Dilraj Sokhi; Caroline Kathomi; Hussein , Dossajeeb; Osman Miyanji; Anthony Ngugi; and Pauline Samia

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Malaria chemoprevention in the postdischarge management of severe anemia, Titus Kwambai, Aggrey Dhabangi, Richard Idro, Robert Opoka, Victoria Watson, Simon Kariuki, Nickline Kuya, Eric Onyango, Kephas Otieno, and Aaron Samuels

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The children's oxygen administration strategies trial, Kathryn Maitland, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot Oluput, Mainga Hamaluba, Karen Thomas, Florence Alaroker, Robert Opoka, Abner Tagoola, Victor Bandika, and Ayub Mpoya

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Genetic variants that influence fetal hemoglobin expression from hydroxyurea treatment, Anu Marahatta, Jonathan Flanagan, Thad Howard, Nicole Mortier, William Schultz, Kathryn McElhinney, Leon Tshilolo, Thomas Williams, Peter Olupot-Olupot, and Robert Opoka

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Genetic variants that influence fetal hemoglobin expression from hydroxyurea treatment, Anu Marahatta, Jonathan Flanagan, Thad Howard, Nicole Mortier, William Schultz, Kathryn McElhinney, Leon Tshilolo, Thomas Williams, Peter Olupot-Olupot, and Brigida Santos

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Novel genetic loci that influence fetal hemoglobin expression in children with sickle cell anemia, Anu Marahatta, Thad Howard, Susan Stuber, Kathryn McElhinney, Leon Tshilolo, Thomas Williams, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Brigida Santos, Robert Opoka, and Rosa Nieves

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels in children with mild and severe atopic asthma, Rhoda Ndinda Masaku

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A case report on ascariasis and intestinal obstruction, Angela Migowa, Daniel Kiura, W. Kombe, and Stanley Mugambi

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The First 18 Months of a Pediatric Rheumatology Service at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Kenya, Angela Migowa and James Orwa

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The impact of delayed treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria on progression to severe malaria: A systematic review and a pooled multicenter individual-patient meta-analysis, Andria Mousa, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nicholas Anstey, Cyril Badaut, Bridget Barber, Quique Bassat, Joseph Challenger, Aubrey Cunnington, Dibyadyuti Datta, and Robert Opoka

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Knowledge, attitudes and practices of faculty on mentorship: an exploratory interpretivist study at a sub-Saharan African medical school, Aloysius Mubuuke, Scovia Mbalinda, David Kateete, Ian Munabi, and Sarah Kiguli

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Magnitude of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in an urban setting in Tanzania; a cross-sectional analytic study, Akampa Mukuve, Mariam Noorani, Ibrahim Sendagire, and Miriam Mgonja

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Delayed initiation of enteral feeds is associated with postnatal growth failure among preterm infants managed at a rural hospital in Uganda, Clare Nakubulwa, Victor Musiime, Flavia Namiiro, James Tumwine, Christine Hongella, James Nyonyintono, and Anna Hedstrom

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Impact of a national lockdown for COVID-19 on morbidity and mortality among children with sickle cell anaemia at a tertiary care hospital in Uganda, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Dibyadyuti Datta, Micheal Goings, and Chandy John

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Impact of a national lockdown for COVID-19 on morbidity and mortality among children with sickle cell anaemia at a tertiary care hospital in Uganda, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Dibyadyuti Datta, Micheal Goings, and Chandy John

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Pentavalent Vaccination in Rural Kenya: Coverage and Geographical Accessibility to Health Facilities Using Data from a Community Demographic and Health Surveillance System in Kilifi County, Morris Ogero, James Orwa, Rachael Odhiambo, Felix Agoi, Adelaide Lusambili, Jerim Obure, Marleen Temmerman, Stanley Luchters, and Anthony Ngugi

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Severe anemia is associated with systemic inflammation in young children presenting to a tertiary hospital in Uganda, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Ali Waiswa, Ronald Wasswa, James Tumwine, Charles Karamagi, and Chandy John

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Hydroxyurea to lower transcranial Doppler velocities and prevent primary stroke: the Uganda NOHARM sickle cell anemia cohort, Robert Opoka, Heather A. Hume, Teresa S. Latham, Adam Lane, Olatundun Williams, Jennifer Tymon, Maria Nakafeero, Phillip Kasirye, Christopher M. Ndugwa, Chandy C. John, and Russell E. Ware

Hydroxyurea to lower transcranial doppler velocities and prevent primary stroke: the Uganda NOHARM sickle cell anemia cohort, Robert Opoka, Heather Hume, Teresa Latham, Adam Lane, Olatundun Williams, Jennifer Tymon, Maria Nakafeero, Phillip Kasirye, Christopher Ndugwa, and Chandy John

Blackwater fever in Ugandan children with severe anemia is associated with poor postdischarge outcomes: a prospective cohort study, Robert Opoka, Ali Waiswa, Nambuya Harriet, Chandy John, James Tumwine, and Charles Karamagi

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Endothelial activation, acute kidney injury, and cognitive impairment in pediatric severe malaria, Benson Ouma, John Ssenkusu, Estela Shabani, Dibyadyuti Datta, Robert Opoka, Richard Idro, Paul Bangirana, Gregory Park, Moses Joloba, and Kevin Kain

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Central nervous system virus infection in African children with cerebral malaria, Douglas Postels, Lawrence Osei-Tutu, Karl Seydel, Qian Xu, Chenxi Li, Terrie Taylor, Chandy John, Macpherson Mallewa, Tom Solomon, and Robert Opoka

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Evaluation for association between maternal microbiota and development of necrotizing enterocolitis or gram-negative bacteremia in preterm infants, Mei Chi Quek

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Prevalence and Diagnostic Utility of Urine Interleukins in diagnosis of Urine Tract Infections in Febrile Children seen in a Tertiary Facility in Kenya, A Rerimoi, B Admani, William Macharia, and R Gunturu

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Childhood autism spectrum disorder: insights from a tertiary hospital cohort in Kenya, Pauline Samia, Maureen Kanana, Julie King, Kirsten A. Donald, Charles R. Newton, and Christy Denckla