Submissions from 2022
The Reality of Inadequate Patient Care and the Need for a Global Action Framework in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Beatriz Domínguez -Gil, Nancy L. Ascher, Riadh A.S. Fadhil, Elmi Muller, Marcelo Cantarovich, Curie Ahn, Marina Berenguer, Mirela Bušić, Hiroto Egawa, and Ahmed Twahir
The Maritime Silk Road: case report of Neuro-Behçet’s disease from Somalia with positive HLA-B51 haplotype, Alok Iyer, Fred Otieno, and Dilraj Sokhi
The burden and characteristics of HIV-infected COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital in sub-Saharan Africa—A retrospective cohort study, Alok Iyer, Jasmit Shah, and Reena Shah
Factor structure and item response of psychosis symptoms among Kenyan adults, Florence Jaguga, Amantia Ametaj, Hannah H. Kim, Rocky E. Stroud, Charles R. Newton, Symon M. Kariuki, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Lukoye Atwoli, Bizu Gelaye, and Kristina J. Korte
Harmful Alcohol Use Among Healthcare Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya, Florence Jaguga, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Ann Mwangi, Kirtika Patel, Thomas Mwogi, Robert Kiptoo, and Lukoye Atwoli
Healthcare Workers’ knowledge and resource availability for care of Sickle Cell Disease in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Agnes Jonathan, Hilda Tutuba, William Lloyd, Joyce Ndunguru, Julie Makani, Paschal Ruggajo, Irene Minja, and Emmanuel Balandya
COVID-19: Searching for a Little Hope in Adversity - The Sub-Saharan Experience, Sayed Karar
Mental health disorders among post graduate residents in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sayed Karar, Jasmit Shah, Katie Du, Nidhi Leekha, and Zohray Talib
Intracardiac Thrombus in Coronavirus Disease-2019, Suganya Karikalan, Munish Sharma, Megha Chandna, Manju Sachdev, Ajay Gaalla, Farah Yasmin, Reena Shah, and Iqbal Ratnani
Severe Crohn’s Disease With Intra-abdominal Fistula: First Reported Case From Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Omar Aziz, Eric Aghan, Melchisedeck Mandwa, Caroline Ngimba, Hanifa Mbithe, Salim Surani, and Casmir Wambura
Outcomes of Surgical Tracheostomy on Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Private Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Ally Zain, Sajida Panjwani, Salim Surani, Omar M. Azi, Kamran Hameed, Samina Somji, Hanifa Mbithe, Fatma Bakshi, Bonventura Mtega, Gloria Kinasa, Mariam Msimbe, Blessing Mathew, Eric Aghan, Harrison Chuwa, and Christopher Mwansasu
Exploring the experiences of clients receiving opioid use disorder treatment at a methadone clinic in Kenya: a qualitative study, Sarah Kiburi, Jackline Mwangi, and Geoffrey Maina
The effects of sickle cell disease on the quality of life: a focus on the untold experiences of parents in Tanzania., Manase Kilonzi, Dorkasi L. Mwakawanga, Fatuma Felix Felician, Hamu J. Mlyuka, Lulu Chirande, David T. Myemba, Godfrey Sambayi, Ritah F. Mutagonda, Wigilya P. Mikomangwa, and Paschal Ruggajo
Intestinal Tuberculosis Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patient on Warfarin Therapy, Pascal Kuka, Joe Rakiro, Joseph Gatheru, and Felix Riunga
Clinical Characteristics of Peripheral Neuropathy in Kenyan Patients with HIV Infection Compared with Patients with Concurrent HIV Infection and Diabetes Mellitus, Pascal Kuka, Jasmit Shah, Uazman Alam, Reena Shah, and Dilraj Sokhi
What should equity in global health research look like?, Manasi Kumar, Lukoye Atwoli, Rochelle A. Burgess, Naoufel Gaddour, Keng Yen Huang, Lola Kola, Emily Mendenhall, Cyrus Mugo, Byamah B. Mutamba, and Noeline Nakasujja
Traumatic experiences assessed with the life events checklist for Kenyan adults, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Supriya Misra, Amantia A. Ametaj, Anne Stevenson, Rocky E. Stroud, Karestan C. Koenen, Bizu Gelaye, Symon M. Kariuki, Charles R. Newton, and Lukoye Atwoli
Prevalence of Hemoglobin-S and Baseline Level of Knowledge on Sickle Cell Disease Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, Fredrick Luoga, Agnes Jonathan, Hilda J. Tutuba, Emanuela Marco, Joyce Ndunguru, Benson R. Kidenya, Julie Makani, Paschal Ruggajo, Irene K. Minja, and Emmanuel Balandya
Seroprevalence, correlates and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG antibody in healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital: a prevaccine census study, Daniel Maina, Geoffrey Omuse, George Ong'ete, Patrick Mugaine, Shahin Sayed, Zahir Moloo, Reena Shah, Anthony Etyang, and Rodney Adam
Increasing diversity in genomics requires investment in equitable partnerships and capacity building, Alicia R. Martin, Rocky E. Stroud II, Tamrat Abebe, Dickens Akena, Melkam Alemayehu, Lukoye Atwoli, Sinéad B. Chapman, Katelyn Flowers, Bizu Gelaye, and Stella Gichuru
Diagnostic utility of red cell indices in relation to serum iron indices for evaluation of iron deficiency in heart failure, Larry Wangai Mburu
Baseline blood count levels increase odds of cytopenia among CML patients in Kenya: a case control study, Angela McLigeyo, Jamilla Rajab, Peter Oyiro, Mohammed Ezzi, Yatich Bett, Matilda Ong’ondi, Andrew Odhiambo, Sitna Mwanzi, and Nicholas Othieno-Abinya
Barriers and Facilitators of Availability of Hydroxyurea for Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania; A Qualitative Study of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, Importers, and Regulators, Hamu J. Mlyuka, Manase Kilonzi, Ritah F. Mutagonda, Lulu Chirande, Wigilya P. Mikomangwa, David T. Myemba, Godfrey Sambayi, Dorkasi L. Mwakawanga, Joyce Ndunguru, and Paschal Ruggajo
A call for prudent taxation of cannabis corporates to fund mental health programmes, Cyprian Mostert, Jasmit Shah, Lukoye Atwoli, Zul Merali, and Manasi Kumar
Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania., Ritah F. Mutagonda, George Bwire, Raphael Zozimus Sangeda, Manase Kilonzi, Hamu Mlyuka, Joyce Ndunguru, Agnes Jonathan, Julie Makani, Irene Kida Minja, and Paschal Ruggajo
HIV among cancer patients: prevalence and cancer description by HIV status, Diana Wambui Muturi
Validation of the Kiswahili version of the migraine disability assessment scale in Dar es salaam, Tanzania, Aliasger Nagri
Bleeding complications in patients on new oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism in Kenya, Antonina Obayo, Mzee Ngunga, Jasmit Shah, Ahmed Sokwala, and Anders Barasa
Secondhand smoke exposure is independently associated with stroke among non-smoking adults in West Africa, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osahon Jeffery Asowata, Adekunle G. Fakunle, Onoja Matthew Akpa, Fred S. Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, and Philip Adebayo
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Kenya: a multicentre cohort study, Loice Achieng Ombajo, Nyamai Mutono, Paul Sudi, Mbuvi Mutua, Mohammed Sood, Alliyy Muhammad Loo, Phoebe Juma, Jackline Odhiambo, Reena Shah, and Frederick Wangai
Measuring psychological distress using the K10 in Kenya, Linnet Ongeri, Amantia Ametaj, Hannah Kim, Rocky E. Stroud, Charles R. Newton, Symon M. Kariuki, Lukoye Atwoli, Edith Kwobah, and Bizu Gelaye
Direct-acting antiviral regimens and HCV treatment failure and re-treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, Christopher Opio
Dysglycemia in patients presenting with stroke and acute coronary syndrome at Aga Khan University hospital, Nairobi, Beverly Yongo Owino
Research attitudes, practice and literacy among Kenyan palliative care healthcare professionals: an observational, crosssectional online survey, RA Powell, Z Ali, Nancy Gikaara, Qanungo S, ES Melikam, and KB Cartmell
Choosing Wisely Africa: Insights from the front lines of clinical care, Fidel Rubagumya, Kevin Makori, Hirondina Borges, Sitna Mwanzi, Safiya Karim, Citonje Msadabwe, Nazima Dharsee, Miriam Mutebi, Wilma M. Hopman, and Verna Vanderpuye
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Short-term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Women with Obstetric Complications in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Paschal Ruggajo, Elizabeth O. Appollo, Puneet K. Bramania, Tumaini B. Basil, Francis F. Furia, and Jonathan W. Mngumi
Dysglycaemias among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Tanzania., Paschal Ruggajo, Shamsherali E. Noormohamed, Elizabeth T. Msangi, Janet K. Lutale, Francis F. Furia, and Jonathan W. Mngumi
A pilot phase Ib/II study of whole-lung low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia: First experience from Africa, Mansoor Saleh, Karishma Sharma, Jasmit Shah, Farrok Karsan, Angela Waweru, Martin Musumbi, Reena Shah, Shahin Sayed, Innocent Abayo, Noureen Karimi, Stacey Gondi, Sehrish Rupani, Grace Kirathe, and Heldah Amariati
Risk Factor Characterization of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Among West Africans, Fred S. Sarfo, Bruce Ovbiagele, Onoja Akpa, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji iKomolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin Ogbole, and Philip Adebayo
Perceptions and Knowledge towards COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among a Subpopulation of Adults in Kenya: An English Survey at Six Healthcare Facilities, Jasmit Shah, Abdulaziz Mansur Abeid, Karishma Sharma, Soraiya Manji, Jamila Nambafu, Robert Korom, Keya Patel, Rajiv Patel, Reena Shah, and Sayed Karar
A case for implementation of adult pneumococcal vaccine program in Africa: review and expert opinion, Reena Shah, Catherine Gathu, Eric Njenga, Jeremiah Chakaya, Elijah Ogola, Omondi Oyoo, Andrew Odhiambo, Benjamin Wambugu, and Charles Feldman
Secondary Infections in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated with Tocilizumab Compared to Those Not Treated with Tocilizumab: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya, Reena Shah, Jasmit Shah, Jaimini Gohil, Gunturu Revathi, and Salim Surani
Demographic, Clinical, and Co-Morbidity Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort from a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya, Reena Shah, Jasmit Shah, Nancy Kunyiha, Sayed Karar, Shahin Sayed, Salim Surani, and Mansoor Saleh
TOCILIZUMAB IN COVID-19: EAST-AFRICAN EXPERIENCE, Reena Shah, Jasmit Shah, Gunturu Revathi, Jaimini Gohil, Mansoor Shah, and Salim Surani
Promoting Best Practice in Cancer Care in Sub Saharan Africa, Karishma Sharma, Shahin Sayed, and Mansoor Saleh
Evaluating Pain Management Practices for Cancer Patients among Health Professionals: A Global Survey, Michael Silbermann, Maria Minerva Calimag, Elon Eisenberg, Boris Futerman, Paz Fernandez-Ortega, Amparo Oliver, Juan P. Yaeger Monje, Ping Guo, Haris Charalambous, and John Weru
Demographics and baseline disease characteristics of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis from Kenya participating in the CHIMES trial, Dilraj Sokhi, Juzar Hooker, Mitzi J. Williams, Aisleen Shamshudin, Yuashita Hussein, Peter Betti, Heldah Amariati, Noureen Karimi, Stacey Gondi, and Mansoor Saleh
Perceived Barriers to Peritoneal Dialysis Among Kenyan Nephrologists: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study, Saleem Abdul Karim Sokwala, John Otieno Odhiambo, and Ahmed Sokwala
The relationships between resilience, care environment, and social-psychological factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in Western Kenya, Sarah C. Sutherland, Harry S. Shannon, David Ayuku, David L. Streiner, Olli Saarela, Lukoye Atwoli, and Paula Braitstein
Diagnosis of IPF, Pahnwat T. Taweesedt, Kejal Gandhi, Reena Shah, and Salim Surani
Artificial intelligence and machine learning for early detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, Akbar K. Waljee, Eileen M. Weinheimer-Haus, Amina Abubakar, Anthony Ngugi, Geoffrey H. Siwo, Gifty Kwakye, Amit G. Singal, Arvind Rao, Christopher Opio, and Mansoor Saleh
Challenges in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa, Gillian Watermeyer, Yaw Awuku, Ernst Fredericks, David Epstein, Mashiko Setshedi, Smita Devani, Wisdom Mudombi, Chris Kassianides, and Leolin Katsidzira
Inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, risk factors, and challenges in diagnosis, Gillian Watermeyer, Leolin Katsidzira, Mashiko Setshedi, Smita Devani, Wisdom Mudombi, Chris Kassianides, and Gastroenterology and Hepatology Association of sub-Saharan Africa (GHASSA)
Chemotherapy basics for family physicians, Anna N. Wilkinson and Nureen Sumar
Cost Utility of Supporting Family-Based Care to Prevent HIV and Deaths among Orphaned and Separated Children in East Africa: A Markov Model–Based Simulation, Marta Wilson-Barthes, Paula Braitstein, Allison DeLong, David Ayuku, Lukoye Atwoli, Edwin Sang, and Omar Galárraga
Oxygen Saturation in Primary Teeth of Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Trait, Evarist Mulyahela Wilson, Irene Kida Minja, Agnes Jonathan, Julie Makani, Paschal Ruggajo, Ferdinand Mabula Machibya, and Emmanuel Balandya
Feasibiity and acceptability of tele-neurology services at a regional tertiary referral centre: a prospective study., Fazal Yakub
Feasibility and acceptability of tele-neurology services at a regional tertiary referral Centre: a prospective study., Fazal A. Yakub
High Patient Satisfaction and Acceptability of Tele-Neurology Consultations at a Regional Tertiary Referral Hospital in Kenya During the COVID-19 Pandemic (S8.008), Fazal Yakub, Jasmit Shah, and Dilraj Sokhi
Integrated Multilayer Omics Reveals the Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Influences of Histidyl Dipeptides on the Heart, Keqiang Yan, Zhanlong Mei, Jingjing Zhao, Md Aminul Islam Prodhan, Detlef Obal, Kartik Katragadda, Benjamin Doelling, David Hoetker, and Dheeraj Kumar Posa
Submissions from 2021
F-wave parameters and body mass index in carpal tunnel syndrome, Philip Adebayo and Rose E. Mwakabatika
Needle phobia and pain among electrodiagnostic subjects: Preliminary survey, Philip Adebayo and Rose Mwankabatika
Needle phobia and pain among electrodiagnostic subjects: Preliminary survey, Philip Adebayo and Rose Mwankabatika
COVID-19 and Teleneurology in Sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging the Current Exigency, Philip Adebayo, Olusegun John Oluwole, and Funmilola Tolulope Taiwo
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster, Lukoye Atwoli, Abdullah H. Baqui, Thomas Benfield, Raffaella Bosurgi, Fiona Godlee, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, and Ian Norman
Delivering Truly Evidence-Based Mental Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The Dangers of Experimentation, Lukoye Atwoli and Joy Muhia
Assessment of palliative care needs in a Kenyan intensive care unit based on a trigger-based model., Linda Atero Barasa
Takayasu arteritis: A rare cause of chronic headache, Linda Barasa, Adil Salyani, Jillo Bika, Fred Otieno, and Dilraj Sokhi
Assessment of Palliative Care Needs in a Kenyan Intensive Care Unit Using a Trigger-Based Model, Linda Barasa, Jasmit Shah, John Weru, and Sayed Karar
Intimate partner violence is a barrier to antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV - positive women: Evidence from government facilities in Kenya, Bornice C. Biomndo, Alexander Bergmann, Nils Lahmann, and Lukoye Atwoli
Association of Care Environment With HIV Incidence and Death Among Orphaned, Separated, and Street-Connected Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya, Paula Braitstein, Allison DeLong, David Ayuku, Mary Ott, Lukoye Atwoli, Omar Galárraga, Edwin Sang, and Joseph Hogan
Nutritional status of patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study., Puneet Bramania, Paschal Ruggajo, Rimal Bramania, Muhiddin Mahmoud, and Francis Furia
“Old people problems”, uncertainty and legitimacy: Challenges with diagnosing Parkinson's disease in Kenya, Natasha Fothergill-Misbah, Richard Walker, Judith Kwasa, Juzar Hooker, and Kate Hampshire
Effects of Hydroxyurea Treatment on Haemolysis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania., Azra Gangji; Upendo , Masamu; Josephine Mgaya; Joyce Ndunguru; Agnes Jonathan; Irene K. Minja; Julie Makani; Emmanuel Balandya; Paschal Ruggajo; and Siana Nkya
Availability of Therapies and Services for Parkinson's Disease in Africa: A Continent-Wide Survey, Eman Hamid, Biniyam A. Ayele, Daniel Gams Massi, Samia Ben Sassi, Houyam Tibar, Emmanuel Epenge Djonga, Sarah Misbah El-Sadig, Wahiba AMER EL KHEDOUD, Julien Razafimahefa, and Juzar Hooker
Anorectal malformation, associated with colon atresia and intestinal malrotation, a case report, Allyzain Ismail, Lazaro Mboma, Victor Ngotta, and Masawa Nyamuryekung'e
Auditory neuropathy in patients with features of tropical ataxic neuropathy in Tanzania, Ali F. Jaffer and Philip Adebayo
Auditory neuropathy in patients with features of tropical ataxic neuropathy in Tanzania, Ali F. Jaffer and Philip B. Adebayo
Supporting Kenyan women with advanced breast cancer through a network and assessing their needs and quality of life, Asim Jamal, Niha Dhillion, Jasmit Shah, Caroline Kathomi, Alfred Kiragu, Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Catherine Nyongesa, Riaz Kasmani, Innocent Abayo, Grace Kirathe, and Shahin Sayed
Multiple sclerosis in Kenya: Demographic and clinical characteristics of a registry cohort, Imran Jamal, Jasmit Shah, Peter Mativo, Juzar Hooker, Mitchell Wallin, and Dilraj Sokhi
Safe Thrombolysis During Pregnancy for Recurrent Acute Ischaemic Stroke Due to Concomitant Isolated Left Ventricular Non-Compaction and Bilateral Foetal Posterior Communicating Arteries, Fatimah Juma, Mzee Ngunga, Wangari Siika, and Dilraj Sokhi
Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: An East African Diagnostic Challenge, Sayed Karar, Katie Du, and Kelvin Orare
COVID-19 and mental well-being of nurses in a tertiary facility in Kenya, Sayed Karar, Jasmit Shah, and Zohray Talib
Factors Associated with Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19 Pneumonia at a Private Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Nadeem Kassam, Eric Aghan, Omar Aziz, Hanifa Mbithe, Kamran Hamid, Reena Shah, Salim Surani, James Orwa, and Samina Somji
Performance in mortality prediction of SAPS 3 And MPM-III scores among adult patients admitted to the ICU of a private tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study, Nadeem Kassam, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Omar Aziz, James Orwa, and Salim R. Surani
Performance in mortality prediction of SAPS 3 And MPM-III scores among adult patients admitted to the ICU of a private tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study, Nadeem Kassam, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Omar Aziz, James Orwa, and Salim R. Surani
Smart Watch Detection of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): First Case from Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Omar Aziz, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Hanifa Mbithe, Mustaafa Bapumia, Robert Mvungi, and Salim Sarani
Smart Watch Detection of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): First Case from Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Omar Aziz, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Hanifa Mbithe, Mustaafa Bapumia, Robert Mvungi, and Salim Surani
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, anti-HCV antibodies and HIV and knowledge among people who use drugs attending methadone therapy clinic in Tanzania; a cross-sectional study, Semvua B. Kilonzo, Daniel l W Gunda, David C. Majinge, Hyasinta Jaka, Paulina M. Manyiri, Fredrick Kalokola, Grahame Mtui, Elichilia R. Shao, Fatma Bakshi, and Alex Stephano
International Prospective Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients With COVID-19, Thomas A. Kite, Peter F. Ludman, Chris P. Gale, Adriano Caixeta, Jacques Mansourati, Manel Sabate, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Luciano Candilio, Parham Sadeghipour, and Mzee Ngunga
Correlation between disease severity and health-related quality of life among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome, Janet Chebet Koros
Comparison of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral neuropathy between patients with HIV infection and patients with concurrent HIV and diabetes mellitus, Pascal Kuka, Jasmit Shah, Uazman Alam, Dilraj Sokhi, and Reena Shah
Mental Disorders Among Health Care Workers at the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya; Findings of an Online Descriptive Survey, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Ann Mwangi, Kirtika Patel, Thomas Mwogi, Robert Kiptoo, and Lukoye Atwoli
Association between dialysate sodium concentration and interdialytic weight gain in patients undergoing twice weekly haemodialysis, Soraiya Manji, Jasmit Shah, Ahmed Twahir, and Ahmed Sokwala
Prevalence of Incidental Prostate Carcinoma among Patients Undergoing Turp for Benign Prostatic Enlargement, Isaac Mawalla, Authar Ali, Aidan Njau, Philip Adebayo, and Ali Akbar Zehri
Prevalence of Incidental Prostate Carcinoma among Patients Undergoing Turp for Benign Prostatic Enlargement, Isaac H. Mawalla, Masawa K. Nyamuryekung’e, Authar Ali, Aidan Njau, Philip Adebayo, and Ali A. Zehri
Prevalence and severity of malnutrition in people living with HIV on chronic haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam., Hanifa Mbithe
A Rare Case of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas, Steven Michael, Nadeem M. Kassam, Aidan Njau, Omar A. Sherman, Harrison Chuwa, and Salim Surani