The Department of Internal Medicine is the largest department at Aga Khan University. Our Department is comprised of multiple sub-specialties with diverse faculty trained both locally and internationally. Our faculty, residents and staff at Aga Khan University, Nairobi are committed to ensuring top-notch patient-centered health care and patient safety, excellence in education and dedication to cutting-edge research.

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Submissions from 2024

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National Non-Communicable Diseases Conferences- A Platform to Inform Policies and Practices in Tanzania, Davis E. Amani, Harrieth P. Ndumwa, Jackline E. Ngowi, Belinda J. Njiro, Castory Munishi, Erick A. Mboya, Doreen Mloka, Amani I. Kikula, Emmanuel Balandya, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Cross-cultural equivalence of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) across four African countries in a multi-national study of adults, Amantia Ametaj, Christy Denckla, Anne Stevenson, Rocky Stroud, Jasmine Hall, Linnet Ongeri, Barkot Milkias, Jacob Hoffman, Lukoye Atwoli, and Stella Gichuru

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Epidemiology of periportal fibrosis and relevance of current Schistosoma mansoni infection within the context of repeated mass drug administration in rural Uganda: a population-based, cross-sectional study, Seun Anjorin, Betty Nabatte, Simon Mbooya, Benjamin Tinkitina, Christopher Opio, Narcis Kabatereine, and Goylette Chami

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Neutralizing immunity against coronaviruses in Tanzanian health care workers, Godfrey Barabona, Isaac Ngare, Doreen Kamori, Lilian Nkinda, Yusuke Kosugi, Yusuke Kosugi, Ambele Mawazo, Rayi Ekwabi, Gloria Kinasa, and Harrison Chuwa

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A global perspective on the treatment and maintenance of mature skin using gentle cleansers and moisturizers, Joachim Fluhr, Andrew Alexis, Anneke Andriessen, Olga Barrios, Peter Bjerring, Peter Foley, Michael Gold, Hashim Kaderbhai, and Chengfeng Zhang

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Access to medicines for parkinson's disease in Kenya: A qualitative exploration, Natasha Fothergill-Misbah, Juzar Hooker, Judith Kwasa, and Richard Walker

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Establishing kidney transplantation in a low-income country: a case in Tanzania, Francis F. Furia, Jaqueline G. Shoo, Paschal Ruggajo, Jonathan W. Jonathan W. Mngumi, Valentine Valentine, Mahmoud A. Muhiddin, Kim Kim, Isaack Mlatie, Moses Mulungu, and Namala Mkopi

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Kenyan Policy on Organ Donation, Transfusion, and Transplantation: Implications for Africa and the Greater Transplant Community., Kevin Gianaris, Matthew Koech, Mark Hardy, Hussein Bagha, and Ahmed Twahir

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Primary hyperaldosteronism presenting as severe symptomatic hypocalcemia in a postpartum woman: A case report highlighting its variable presentations and the effects of pregnancy, Subo Hassan, Newnex Mongare, Joyce Bwombengi, and Eric Njenga

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A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa, Florence Jaguga, Sarah Kiburi, Eunice Temet, Matthew Aalsma, Mary Ott, Rachel Maina, Cyprian Mostert, Lukoye Atwoli, Juddy Wachira, and Gilliane Kosgei

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Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the young: Risk factor profile and in-hospital outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya, Nadeem Kassam, Mzee Ngunga, Mohamed Varwani, Miriam Msunza, and Jeilan Mohamed

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Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and the risk of pancreatitis: A case report, Zamanali Khakhar, Soraiya Manji, Ronakkumar Patel, and Sayed Karar

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Switch to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV in Africa (CARES): week 48 results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial, Cissy Kityo, Ivan Mambule, Joseph Musaazi, Simiso Sokhela, Henry Mugerwa, Gilbert Ategeka, Fiona Cresswell, Abraham Siika, Josphat Kosgei, and Reena Shah

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Switch to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV in Africa (CARES): week 48 results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial, Cissy Kityo, Ivan Mambule, Joseph Musaazi, Simiso Sokhela, Henry Mugerwa, Gilbert Ategeka, Fiona Cresswell, Abraham Siika, Josphat Kosgei, and Reena Shah

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Clinical and neuroimaging factors associated with 30-day fatality among indigenous West Africans with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, Morenikeji A. Komolafe, Taofiki Sunmonu, Joshua Akinyemi, Fred S. Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin O. Osaigbovo, Godwin Ogbole, Hemant K. Tiwari, Carolyn Jenkins, Daniel T. Lackland, and Philip Adebayo

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Adaptation of the client diagnostic questionnaire for East Africa, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Suzanne Goodrich, Jayne Lewis Kulzer, Michael Kanyesigye, Sarah Obatsa, Julius Cheruiyot, Lorna Kiprono, Colma Kibet, Felix Ochieng, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Incidental actinomycosis in a 44-year-old female during total abdominal hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding: A case report, Willbroad Kyejo, Allyzain Ismail, Abduel Kitua, Brenda Moshi, Gregory Ntiyakunze, Munawar Kaguta, and Ally Mwanga

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A case of Parkinsonian symptoms secondary to chronic subdural hematoma, Willbroad Kyejo, Frank Swai, Clement Mugisha, and Philip Adebayo

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Dental Caries in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Its Association with the Use of Hydroxyurea and Penicillin Prophylaxis in Dar Es Salaam, Irene Kida Minja, Evarist Mulyahela Wilson, Ferdinand M. Machibya, Agnes Jonathan, Fortunata Cornel, Paschal Ruggajo, Julie Makani, and Ferdinand M. Machibya

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Psychiatric morbidity among patients on treatment for tuberculosis at a tertiary referral hospital in Western Kenya, Robina Momanyi, Edith Kwobah, Philip Owiti, Henry Nyamogoba, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Plasma exchange for refractory pruritus due to drug-induced Chronic Cholestasis following Azithromycin misuse in COVID-19 Infection, Newnex Mongare, Kelvin Orare, Swafiya Busaidy, Ahmed Sokwala, and Christopher Opio

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A case for increasing taxes on cigarettes, vapes and oral nicotine pouches, Ken, Cyprian Mostert, Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf, Manasi Kumar, Andrew Aballa, Willie Njoroge, Edna Bosire, Linda Khakali, John Thomi, Lukoye Atwoli, and Zul Merali

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An exploration of the genetics of the mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) gene in a cohort of patients with chorea from different ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa, Mendi J. Muthinja, Carlos Othon Guelngar, Maouly Fall, Fatumah Jama, Huda Aldeen Shuja, Jamila Nambafu, Daniel Gams Massi, Oluwadamilola Ojo, Juzar Hooker, and Dilraj Sokhi

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Outcomes of different steroid dosing regimens in critical Covid-19 pneumonia at a Kenyan hospital: A retrospective cohort study, John Odhiambo, Jasmit Shah, Nancy Kunyiha, Felix Riunga, and Charles Makasa

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Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among stroke-free indigenous Africans: insights from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osahon Jeffery Asowata, Onoja Matthew Akpa, Adekunle Gregory Fakunle, Ifeoluwa Bodunde, Morenikeji Komolafe, Oyedunni Arulogun, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Reginald Obiako, Godwin Osaigbovo, Godwin Ogbole, Abiodun Bello, Benedict Calys- Tagoe, and Philip Adebayo

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Factors associated with non-uptake of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) among eligible patients at a tertiary hospital in Kenya, Emmanuel Oluoch, Jasmit Shah, Jeilan Mohamed, Mohamed Varwani, and Mzee Ngunga

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Religious, Cultural, and Sex Influences on Advance Care Directives in Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center in Kenya., Fariah Oshow, Jasmit Shah, and Sayed Karar

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Epilepsy prevalence studies and the lingering treatment gap in Africa, Dilraj Sokhi and Pauline Samia

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Clinical presentation and outcomes of care in adults with diabetic ketoacidosis pre-COVID-19 and during-COVID-19 at a tertiary, referral hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, Sairabanu Sokwalla, Jasmit Shah, Sangeeta Chauhan, Reena Shah, Salim Surani, Eric Njenga, and Nancy Kunyiha

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Relationships between trauma types and psychotic symptoms: A network analysis of patients with psychotic disorders in a large, multi-country study in East Africa, Anne Stevenson, Supriya Misra, Engida Girma, Adela-Maria Isvoranu, Dickens Akena, Melkam Alemayehu, Lukoye Atwoli, Bizu Gelaye, Stella Gichuru, and Symon Kariuki

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Resilience and associated factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in Kenya: Understanding the relationship with care environment and HIV risks., Sarah Sutherland, Harry Shannon, David Ayuku, David Kleiner, Olli Saarela, Lukoye Atwoli, Joseph Hogan, and Paula Braitstein

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Psychological distress among ethnically diverse participants from eastern and Southern Africa, Kester Tindi, Allan Kalungi, Eugene Kinyanda, Bizu Gelaye, Alicia Martin, Ronald Galiwango, Wilber Ssembajjwe, Fred Kirumira, Adele Pretorius, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Primary health care and the Tanzania Comprehensive Cancer Project, Gijs Walraven, Harrison Chuwa, Alain Fourquet, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Role of hospital leadership in pandemic preparedness: experience at a tertiary hospital in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic, Lucy Wangari, William Macharia, Benjamin Wachira, Jemimah Kimeu, Boniface Mativa, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Antithrombotic treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection: The STOP-CAD study, Shadi Yaghi, Liqi Shu, Daniel Mandel, Christopher Guerrero, Nils Henninger, Jayachandra Muppa, Muhammad Affan, Omair Lodhi, Mirjam Heldner, and Dilraj Sokhi

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Accuracy of nine-item patient health questionnaire against psychiatric diagnosis for depression among people with HIV, Marcela Yotebieng, Natalia Zotova, Charlotte Bernard, Suzanne Goodrich, Ajeh Rogers Awoh, Dana Watnick, Dominique Mahambu Nsonde, Elodie Flore Tchiengang Moungang, Moussa Seydi, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Accuracy of PHQ-9 against psychiatric diagnosis for depression among people living with HIV: A multicounty cross-sectional study, Marcel Yotebieng, Natalia Zotova, Charlotte Bernard, Suzanne Goodrich, Rogers Awoh, Dana Watnick, Dominique Nsonde, Elodie Moungang, Julie Noumedem, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021, Huai Zhang, Xiao-Dong Zhou, Michael Shapiro, Gregory Lip, Herbert Tilg, Luca Valenti, Virend Somers, Christopher Byrne, Giovanni Targher, and Christopher Opio

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Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021, Xiao-Dong Zhou, Qin-Fen Chen, Wah Yang, Mauricio Zuluaga, Giovanni Targher, Christopher Byrne, Luca Valentu, Fei Luo, Christos Katsouras, and Christopher Opio

Submissions from 2023

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Stop-bang questionnaire for screening obstructive sleep apnea syndrome among hypertensive patients in Kenya, Salim Abdallah, Jasmit Shah, Jumaa Bwika, and Sayed Karar

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Factors associated with depressive symptoms in patients with benign prostatic enlargement, Husni Abdalla, Jasmit Shah, Tabitha A.N. Nyanja, and Jacob Shabani

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CPAP failure in the management of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome where surfactant is scarce. A prospective observational study, Yaser Abdallah, Martha Mkony, Mariam Noorani, Robert Moshiro, Mohamed Bakari, and Karim Manji

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Determinants of first‐ever stroke severity in West Africans: evidence from the SIREN study, Oladimeji Adebayo, Onoja Akpa, Osahon J. Asowata, Adekunle Fakunle, Fred S. Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, and Philip Adebayo

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Spectrum of cardiac arrythmias and its influence on 30-day stroke mortality in Dar es Salaam, Philip Adebayo, Julius Msukuya, Robert Mvungi, and Ahmed Jusabani

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Stroke services, training, research and advocacy needs in Africa: Preliminary results from the Africa – UK Stroke Partnership (AUKSP) project, Olaleye Adeniji, Stephanie Jones, Joseph Spencer, Gabriel Ogunde, Joseph Yaria, Pamela Naidoo, Foad Abdallah, Philip Adebayo, Paul Paul Ossou- Paul Macaire Nguiet, Dorcas Ogunloye, Jennifer Edwards, Liz Lightbody, Mayowa Owolabi, Caroline Watkins, Rufus Akinyemi, and AUKSP Project

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Effectiveness of Behavioural Economics Informed Interventions for the Prevention, Screening, and Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV Infection: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Ahmed Abdirizak Ahmed and Paul McNamee

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Outcomes of Hydroxyurea Accessed via Various Means and Barriers Affecting Its Usage Among Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in North-Western Tanzania., Emmanuela E. Ambrose, Benson R. Kidenya, Mwesige Charles, Joyce Ndunguru, Agnes Jonathan, Julie Makani, Irene K. Minja, Paschal Ruggajo, and Emmanuel Balandya

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HIV incidence and death among orphaned and nonorphaned children and adolescents living in family-based settings in western Kenya: a prospective cohort analysis, Dorothy Apedaile, Allison DeLong, Edwin Sang, David Ayuku, Lukoye Atwoli, Omar Galárraga, Joseph Hogan, and Paula Braitstein

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Are there differences in perceptions, preferences and attitudes towards disclosure of genetic testing for Stroke? A qualitative study among stroke-free SIREN-SIBS genomics study participants, Oyedunni Arulogun, Michelle Nichols, Carolyn Jenkins, Adekunle Gregory Fakunle, Onoja Akpa, Fred S. Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, and Philip Adebayo

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Mechanical Thrombectomy Global Access For Stroke (MT-GLASS): A Mission Thrombectomy (MT-2020 Plus) Study, Kaiz S. Asif, Fadar O. Otite, Shashvat M. Desai, Nabeel Herial, Violiza Inoa, Fawaz Al Mufti, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Adam A. Dmytriw, Adam A. Dmytriw, and Philip Adebayo

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Risk Assessment Score and χ2 Automatic Interaction Detection Algorithm for Hypertension Among Africans: Models From the SIREN Study, Osahon Asowata, Akinkunmi Okekunle, Onoja Akpa, Joshua Akinyemi, Adekunle Fakunle, Morenikeji Komolafe, Fred Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Reginald Obiako, and Philip Adebayo

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COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world, Lukoye Atwoli, Gregory E. Erhabor, Aiah A. Gbakima, Abraham Haileamlak, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, James Kigera, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Joy Muhia, and Fhumulani Mavis Mulaudzi

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Prevalence, incidence and chronicity of child abuse among orphaned, separated, and street-connected children and adolescents in western Kenya: What is the impact of care environment?, Samuel Ayaya, Allison DeLong, Lonnie Embleton, David Ayuku, Edwin Sang, Joseph Hogan, Allan Kamanda, Lukoye Atwoli, Dominic Makori, Mary A. Ott, Caroline Ombok, and Paula Braitstein

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Kenyan palliative care providers’ and leaders’ perceptions of palliative care research needs and support to facilitate rigorous research, K. Cartmell, E. Doherty, Nancy Gikaara, Z. Ali, S. Qanungo, E. S. Melikam, and R. A. Powell

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WCN23-0874 A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with Covid 19 at a tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Susan Cheruiyot, Catherine Gathu, Jacob Shabani, and Ahmed Sokwala

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Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and association with patient outcomes in a rural Kenyan hospital, Ian C. Drobish, Immaculate K. Barasa, George Otieno, Moses Odhiambo Osoo, Solomon K. Thuo, Kaya S. Belknap, Arianna McLain Shirk, S. Taylor McClanahan, Elizabeth Irungu, and Felix Riunga

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Discrimination and abuse among healthcare workers from patients and their relatives at a tertiary Hospital in Kenya, Farah Ebrahim, Jasmit Shah, Karishma Sharmac, Nancy Kunyiha, Robert Korom, and Sayed Karar

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Burden of bradycardia and barriers to accessing bradycardia therapy in underserved countries, Diego Egas, Francisco Rodriguez, Aparna Jaswal, Jeilan Mohamed, Goran Milasinovic, and Ahmed Al Fagih

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Microbiome diversity in African American, European American, and Egyptian colorectal cancer patients, Amr Elkholy, Nagavardhini Avuthu, Mohammed Abdalla, Michael Behring, Prachi Bajpai, Hyung-Gyoon Kim, Doaa Header, Reham AH. Elwafa, Hesham Saed, and Mansoor Saleh

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Highlights from the Second Choosing Wisely Africa conference: a roadmap to value-based cancer care in East Africa (9–10 February 2023, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), Rugengamanzi Eulade, Godwin Abdiel Nnko, Jerry Ndumbalo, Nazima Dharsee, Larry O. Akoko, Christian Ntizimira, Beda Likonda, Harrison Chuwa, Salum Lidenge, Verna Vanderpuye, Nazik Hammad, Sikudhani Muya, and Rubagumya Rubagumya

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Non-cigarette tobacco use and stroke among West Africans: evidence from the SIREN study, Adekunle Gregory Fakunle; Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle; Osahon Jeffery Asowata,; Onoja Akpa; Fred S. Sarfo; Albert Akpalu; Kolawole Wahab; Reginald Obiako; Morenikeji Komolafe; and Philip Adebayo

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Inferior vena cava collapsibility index versus passive leg raise to assess fluid responsiveness in non-intubated septic patients a prospective observational study, Anne Githaiga, Wangari Siika, Jeilan Mohamed, Vitalis Mung’ayi, and Idris Chikophe

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The gaps and prospects of movement disorders education and research in Africa: a continental survey, Eman Hamid, Kigocha Okengo, Biniyam A. Ayele, Daniel Gams Massi, Samia Ben Sassi, Houyam Tibar, Sarah Misbah El-Sadig, Soulaimane Mahoui, Julien Razafimahefa, and Juzar Hooker

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“Association between Traumatic Life Events and Psychosis: A case-control study in western Kenya", Mohamed Aden Hillow, Lukoye Atwoli, and Edith Kamaru Kwobah

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Prevalence & Factors Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Tanzania, Faisal Hooda, Nadeem Kassam, Samina Somji, Mandela Makakala, Mariam Noorani, Fatma Bakshi, and Robert Mvungi

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An electronic health record system implementation in a resource limited country—lessons learned, Sayed Karar, Muhammad Haroon Khan, Jasmit Shah, and Nadeem Ahmed

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The pattern of admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes among patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: a 5-year retrospective review, Nadeem Kassam, Philip Adebayo, Iris Martin Matei, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Samwel Paul Kadelya, Yasson Abha, Frank Elton Swai, Mangaro Mabusi, and Kamran Hamid

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The Pattern of Admission, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes Among Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania: A 5-Year Retrospective Review, Nadeem Kassam, Philip Adebayo, Iris Martin Matei, Eric Aghan, Samina Somji, Hanifa Mbithe, Alyyah Thawer, Kadelya Paul Kadelya, Yasson Abha, Frank Elton Swai, Mangaro Mabusi, Kamran Hameed, Mandela Makakala, Fatma Bakshi, Harrison Chuwa, Masolwa Ng’wanasayi, Casmir Wambura, Robert Sostenes Mvungi, James Orwa, Munish Sharma, and George Udeani

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Magnitude, Distribution and Contextual Risk Enhancing Predictors of High 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Among Diabetic Patients in Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Salim Surani, Kamran Ahmed, Eric Aghan, Robert Mayenga Robert Mayenga, Iris Matei, Gijsberta Jengo, Fatma Bakshi, Hanifa Mbithe, James Orwa, George Udeani, and Samina Somji

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Exploring user experiences of a text message-delivered intervention among individuals on opioid use disorder treatment in Kenya: A qualitative study, Sarah Kiburi, Saeeda Paruk, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, and Bonginkosi Chiliza

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Predictors of coronary artery disease in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Redemptar Kimeu, Jeilan Mohamed, and Mzee Ngunga

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Prevalence of lifestyle cardiovascular risk factors and estimated framingham 10-year risk scores of adults with psychotic disorders compared to controls at a referral hospital in Eldoret, Kenya, Edith Kwobah, Nastassja Koen, Ann Mwangi, Lukoye Atwoli, and Dan Stein

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Gall bladder schistosomiasis diagnosed incidentally post laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report, Willbroad Kyejo, Sajida Panjwani, Ally Zain Ismail, Blessing Mathew, Caroline Ngimba, and Ally Mwanga

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Stroke characteristics and outcomes in urban Tanzania: Data from the Prospective Lake Zone Stroke Registry., Sarah Shali Matuja, Joshua Ngimbwa, Lilian Andrew, Jemima Shindika, Goodluck Nchasi, Anna Kasala, Innocent Kitandu Paul, Mary Ndalahwa, Akili Mawazo, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Stroke characteristics and outcomes in urban Tanzania: Data from the Prospective Lake Zone Stroke Registry., Sarah Shali Matuja, Joshua Ngimbwa, Robert Peck, Lilian Andrew, Jemima Shindika, Goodluck Nchasi, Anna Kasala, Innocent Kitandu Paul, Mary Ndalahwa, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Outpatient management of urinary tract infections by medical officers in Nairobi, Kenya: lack of benefit from audit and feedback on adherence to treatment guidelines, Florence Mbatia, James Orwa, Mary B. Adam, Gulnaz Mohamoud, and Rodney Adam

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Social support and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Western Kenya, Adel Mburia-Mwalili, Karla D. Wagner, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Lukoye Atwoli, Maurice Aluda, Brianna Simmons, Jayne Lewis-Kulzer, Suzanne Goodrich, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, and Jennifer L. Syvertsen

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Pharmacological management of hypertension and outcome among patients on hemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study, Devis Mhagama, Manase Kilonzi, Peter Kunambi, Deus Buma, Fredrick Kalokola, Ritah Francis Mutagonda, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Improving implant training for physicians and their teams in under-represented regions, Jeilan Mohamed, Mohamed Varwani, Abdul Raqib, and Emin Evren Ozcan

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Health-related quality of life of patients undergoing haemodialysis therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Daniel P. Msilanga, Priyank Punatar, and Paschal Ruggajo

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HIV Prevalence and Characteristics Among Patients With AIDS-Defining and Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya, Diana Muturi, Sitna Mwanzi, Felix Riunga, Jasmit Shah, and Reena Shah

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Management of cancer pain in pregnancy: can opioids be used?, Esther W. Nafula, John K. Weru Dr., and Sriram Yennurajalingam

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Development and initial validation of the Kiswahili version of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS-K) questionnaire, Aliasgar Nagri, Miten Patel, Tumbwene Mwansisya, and Philip Adebayo

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Mitigating the rising burden of non-communicable diseases through locally generated evidence-lessons from Tanzania, Harrieth P. Ndumwa, Davis E. Amani, Jackline E. Ngowi, Belinda J. Njiro, Castory Munishi, Erick A. Mboya, Doreen Mloka, Amani I. Kikula, Emmanuel Balandya, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Mitigating the rising burden of non-communicable diseases through locally generated evidence-lessons from Tanzania., Harrieth P. Ndumwa, Davis E. Amani, Jackline E. Ngowi, Belinda J. Njiro, Castory Munishi, Erick A. Mboya, Doreen Mloka, Amani I. Kikula, Emmanuel Balandya, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Efforts to Address the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases Need Local Evidence and Shared Lessons from High-Burden Countries., Jackline E. Ngowi, Castory Munishi, Harrieth P. Ndumwa, Belinda J. Njiro, Davis E. Amani, Erick A. Mboya, Doreen Mloka, Amani I. Kikula, Emmanuel Balandya, and Paschal Ruggajo

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Reducing the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections; a quality improvement project, David Odada, Hellen Munyi, Japhet Gatuiku, Ruth Thuku, Jared Nyandigisi, Anne Wangui, Emilie Ashihundu, Beatrice Nyakiringa, Jemimah Kimeu, Martin Musumbi, and Rodney Adam

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Surgical site infections post cesarean section and associated risk factors: a retrospective case-control study at a tertiary hospital in Kenya, David Odada, Jasmit Shah, Annastacia Mbithi, and Reena Shah

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The prevalence of substance use disorders and associated patterns among patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Botswana, Othalefile E. Otlhapile, Catherine Gitau, and Mary W. Kuria

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Topical lidocaine and morphine gel use for malignant wound pain, Ronakkumar Patel, Reuben Mogoi, and Sayed Karar

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Diabetes care and education training audit for primary care physicians across 47 counties of Kenya: A pre-post intervention study, Sameer Pathan, Luis Gardete, Eric Njenga, Kirtida Acharya, Nancy Kunyiha, Susan McLaughlin, Abhimanyu Singh Chauhan, and Xango Bimont

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Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson’s disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study, Mie Rizig, Sara Bandres- Ciga, Mary B. Makarious, Oluwadamilola Omolara Ojo, Peter Wild Crea, Oladunni Victoria Abiodun, and Philip Adebayo

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Patient-level and system-level determinants of stroke fatality across 16 large hospitals in Ghana and Nigeria: a prospective cohort study, Fred S. Sarfo, Onoja M. Akpa, Bruce Ovbiagele, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin Ogbole, and Philip Adebayo

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Global COVID-19 childhood disability data coordination: A collaborative initiative of the international alliance of academies of childhood disability, Verónica Schiariti, Ana Carolina de Campos, Isabella Pesso ́ta Sudat, Arnab K. Seal, Priscilla E. Springer, Heather Thomson, Susan Wamithi, Guorong Wei, Alicia Spittlei, and Bernadett T. Gillick

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Breast cancer clinical trials in East Africa, Karishma Sharma, Joseph Abuodha, Manel Haj Mansour, Noureen Karimi, Diana Omare, Yuashita Hussein, and Mansoor Saleh

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Cultural considerations in the declaration of death by neurologic criteria in Africa, Wangari Siika, Dilraj Sokhi, and Violet Naanyu

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Gendered lives, gendered vulnerabilities: An intersectional gender analysis of exposure to and treatment of schistosomiasis in Pakwach district, Uganda, Sarah N. Ssali, Rosemary Morgan, Salama Nakiranda, Christopher Opio, and Mariam Otmani del Barrio

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Critical Care and COVID-19, Salim Surani, Syed Anjum Khan, and Reena Shah

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Neuroimaging findings in DYT1 dystonia and the pathophysiological implication: A systematic review, Funmilola T. Taiwo and Philip Adebayo

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FUNCTIONAL STATUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED COPD ATTENDING TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA, PETER M. TUMBO