The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Aga Khan University, Nairobi Campus is deeply committed to providing excellence in teaching and training residents in the disciplines of anatomical and clinical pathology, basic and translational research, scholarship and diagnostic services of the highest standard in the region. We boast a team of highly trained and skilled technical personnel and 15 expert-specialist faculty involved in collaborative and multidisciplinary research

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Submissions from 2024

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Development of an online teaching platform to improve access to postgraduate pathology training in sub-Saharan Africa, Richard Byers, Anita Byers, Chibamba Mumba, Angela Mutuku, Jennifer Singer-Rupp, Michael Wilson, Kenneth Fleming, and Shahin Sayed

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Synergistic effects of novel penicillin-binding protein 1A amino acid substitutions contribute to high-level amoxicillin resistance of Helicobacter pylori, Alain Cimuanga-Mukanya, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Patrick de Jesus Ngoma Kisoko, Fabien Mbaya Tshibangu, Antoine Tshimpi Wola, Pascal Tshiamala Kashala, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Gunturu Revathi, and Ghislain Disashi-Tumba

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The association between the JAK-STAT pathway and hypertension among kenyan women diagnosed with breast cancer, John Gitau, Godfrey Kinyori, Shahin Sayed, Mohammad Saleem, Francis Makokha, and Annet Kirabo

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Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the international immuno-oncology biomarker working group on breast cancer., Chowdhury Arif Jahangir, David B. Page, Glenn Broeckx, Claudia A. Gonzalez, Caoimbhe Burke, Clodagh Murphy, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Amy Ly, Paul Harms, and Shahin Sayed

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Scaling antimicrobial resistance surveillance nationally: The case of the fleming fund in Kenya, Mitchelle Kasudi, Dishon Muloi, Murungi Maurice, Allan Azegele, Romona Ndanyi, Revathi Gunturu, Loice Ombajo, Emmanuel Tanui, Robert Onsare, and Geoffrey Omuse

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Post-mortem investigation of deaths due to pneumonia in children aged 1–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from 2016 to 2022: an observational study., Sana Mahtab, Dianna Blau, Zachary Madewell, Ikechukwu Ogbuanu, Julius Ojulong, Sandra Lako, Hailemariam Legesse, Joseph Bangura, Quique Bassat, and Gunturu Revathi

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SARS-CoV-2 variants genotyping and diagnostic performance of a 2-genes detection assay., Cyrus Matheka, Joshua Kilonzo, Ephantus Mbugua, zubair Munshi, Justin Nyasinga, Revathi Gunturu, and Allan Njau

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A rare case of breast carcinoma metastasis into a meningioma in a 64-year-old female patient, Edwin Mogere, Miriam Mutebi, Allan Njau, and Manel Haj Mansour

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host, Xinke Nie, Qiqiong Li, Xinyang Chen, Stanely Onyango, Junhua Xie, and Shaoping Nie

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host, Xinke Nie, Qiqiong Li, Xinyang Chen, Stanley Onyango, Junhua Xie, and Shaoping Nie

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Displacement of hospital-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus clones by heterogeneous community strains in Kenya over a 13-Year period, Justin Nyasinga, Zubair Munshi, Collins Kigen, Andrew Nyerere, Lillian Musila, Andrew Whitelaw, Wilma Ziebuhr, and Gunturu Revathi

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Candida auris: a systematic review of a globally emerging fungal Pathogen in Africa, Iriagbonse Osaigbovo, Bassey Ekeng, Adeyinka Davies, Ejime Ebeigbe, Felix Bongomin, Alice Kanyua, Gunturu Revathi, and Rita Oladele

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The Nairobi declaration 2023: A commitment to address deadly yet neglected fungal diseases in Africa, Iriagbonse Osaigbovo, Nelesh Govender, Alexander Jordan, Felix Bongomin, David Meya, Alice Kanyua, Olga Mashedi, David Koffi, Angela Loyse, and Aude Sturny-Leclère

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Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer., Shahin Sayed, Chowdhury Arif Jahangir, David Page, Glenn Broeckx, Claudia Gonzalez, Caoimbhe Burke, Clodagh Murphy, Jorge Reis-Filho, Amy Ly, and Paul Harms

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Child deaths caused by klebsiella pneumoniae in sub-saharan Africa and south Asia: A secondary analysis of child health and mortality prevention surveillance (CHAMPS) data., Jennifer Verani, Dianna Blau, Emily Gurley, Victor Akelo, Nega Assefa, Vicky Baillie, Quique Bassat, Mussie Berhane, James Bunn, and R Gunturu

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Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya, Lucy Wangari, Geoffrey Omuse, Rodney Adam, George Ongete, Cyrus Matheka, Patrick Mugaine, Shahin Sayed, and Daniel Maina

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A world health assembly resolution on diagnostics implications for the ESCMID community, Michael Wilson, Kenneth Fleming, Shahin Sayed, Kamini Walia, and Susan Horton

Submissions from 2023

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Development and validation of a diagnostic aid for convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa: a retrospective case-control study, Gabriel Davis Jones, Symon M. Kariuki, Anthony Ngugi, Angelina Kakooza Mwesige, Honorati Masanja, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Ryan Wagner, J Helen Cross, Charles R. Newton, and Arjune Sen

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Gall bladder schistosomiasis diagnosed incidentally post laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report, Willbroad Kyejo, Sajida Panjwani, Ally Zain Ismail, Blessing Mathew, Caroline Ngimba, and Ally Mwanga

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P16 expression and recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after cryotherapy among women living with HIV, Daniel Maina, Michael H. Chung, Marleen Temmerman, Zahir Moloo, Jonathan Wawire, Sharon A. Greene, Elizabeth Unger, Shahin Sayed, Samah Sakr, and Nelly Mugo

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Immunophenotypic expression profile of multiple myeloma cases at a tertiary hospital in Nairobi Kenya, Isabella Mengich, Sheerien Rajput, Riyat Malkit, Zahir Moloo, Elizabeth Kagotho, El-Nasir Lalani, and Anne Mwirigi

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Adaptive immune receptor features related to breast cancer tissue in Kenyan patients: high immunoglobulin gene expression and high levels of gamma-delta T-cells, Kennedy W. Mwangi, Moses K. Kamita, Jacqueline W. Waweru, Shahin Sayed, Jonine D. Figueroa, Stefan Ambs, Konrad J. Cios, George Blanck, and Francis W. Makokha

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Pattern and trends of Helicobacter pylori genotypes in gastric cancer: A Kenyan 8-year study, Priscilla Njenga, Allan Njau, Zahir Moloo, Gunturu Revathi, Evariste Tshibangu, and Yoshio Yamaoka

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Development, roll-out and implementation of an antimicrobial resistance training curriculum harmonizes delivery of in-service training to healthcare workers in Kenya, Josiah Njeru, Joshua Odero, Sheilla Chebore, Mungai Ndung’u, Emmanuel Tanui, Evelyn Wesangula, Romona Ndanyi, Susan Githii, R Gunturu, and Willy Mwangi

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Reducing the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections; a quality improvement project, David Odada, Hellen Munyi, Japhet Gatuiku, Ruth Thuku, Jared Nyandigisi, Anne Wangui, Emilie Ashihundu, Beatrice Nyakiringa, Jemimah Kimeu, Martin Musumbi, and Rodney Adam

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Neonatal reference intervals for thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine assayed on a Siemens Atellica® IM analyzer: a cross sectional study, Geoffrey Omuse, David Kawalya, Patrick Mugaine, Assumpta Chege, and Daniel Maina

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Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth, Stanely Onyango, Jia Dai Mi, Anjela Koech, Patricia Okiro, Marleen Temmerman, Peter von Dadelszen, Rachel Marie Tribe, and Geoffrey Omuse

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Prevalence and missed cases of respiratory distress syndrome disease amongst neonatal deaths enrolled in the Kenya Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS) program between 2017 and 2021, Harun O. Owuor, Victor Akelo, Florence Murila, Dickens Onyango, Magdalene Kuria, Emily Rogena, Gunturu Revathi, Paul Mitei, Solomon Sava, and Joyce Were

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Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer, David Page, Chowdhury Jahangir, Sara Verbandt, Rajarsi Gupta, Jeppe Thagaard, Reena Khiroya, Zuzana Kos, Khalid Abduljabbar, Sunil Badve, and Shahin Sayed

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Access to essential cancer medicines for children: a comparative mixed-methods analysis of availability, price, and health-system determinants in East Africa, Kadia Petricca, Joyce Kambugu, Jessie Githang'a, William Macharia, Festus Njuguna, Festus Njuguna, Angela McLigeyo, Mary Nyangasi, Jackson Orem, and Aimable Kanyamuhunga

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Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and immune composition in breast cancer patients from Kenya: Spatial distributions and associations with risk factors and tumour characteristics, Shahin Sayed, Hela Koka, Mustapha Abubakar, Kevin Gardner, Roberto Salgado, Zahir Moloo, Mansoor Saleh, Asim Jamal, Jasmit Shah, and Veronica Ngundo

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Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries, Shahin Sayed, Anthony Ngugi, Nicole Nwosu, Miriam Mutebi, Powell Ochieng, Aruyaru S. Mwenda, and Rehana Salam

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Is HbA1c associated with birth weight? A multivariable analysis of Pakistani pregnant women, Olivia Silke, Ilona S. Yim, Kiran Shaikh, Sharifa Bashir Lalani, Farooq Ghani, Sikolia Wanyonyi, Pauline Samia, Mohamoud Merali, Geoffrey Omuse, and Christine Okoko

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Population-specific mutation patterns in breast tumors from African American, European American, and Kenyan patients, Wei Tang, Jung S. Byun, Tiffany H. Dorsey, Harris G. Yfantis, Anuoluwapo Ajao, Huaitian Liu, Margaret S. Pichardo, Catherine M. Pichardo, Alexandra R. Harris, and Shahin Sayed

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Population-specific mutation patterns in breast tumors from African American, European American, and Kenyan patients, Wei Tang, Flora Zhang, Jung S. Byun, Shahin Sayed, Tiffany H. Dorsey, Harris G. Yfantis, Anuoluwapo Ajao, Huaitian Liu, Margaret Pichardo, and Catherine Pichardo

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Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer, Jeppe Thagaard, Glenn Broeckx, Chowdhury Arif Jahangir, Sara Verbandt, Rajarsi Gupta, Reena Khiroya, Khalid Abduljabbar, Gabriela Acosta Haab, Balazs Acs, and Shahin Sayed

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Umbilical cord hemangioma and pseudocyst with favorable fetal outcome, Sikolia Wanyonyi, Felix Nyagaka, Patricia Okiro, Lilian Ogutu, Alice Nyaichowa, Felix Oindi, and Evan Sequeira

Submissions from 2022

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The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms, Rita Alaggio, Catalina Amador, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Ayoma D. Attygalle, Iguaracyra Barreto de Oliveira Araujo, Emilio Berti, Govind Bhagat, Anita Maria Borges, Daniel Boyer, and Shahin Sayed

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Assessment of Cardiac, Vascular, and Pulmonary Pathobiology In Vivo During Acute COVID‐19, Shirjel R. Alam, Sudhir Vinayak, Adeel Shah, Jeilan Mohamed, Redemptar Kimeu, Felix Riunga, Sylvia Gachoka, Rodney Adam, Mariah Obino, Khalid Makhdomi, Kevin Ombati, Edward Nganga, and Samuel Gitau

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Diagnostic accuracy of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at the Aga Khan University hospital Nairobi, Kenya, Assumpta Wanjiru Chege

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Vaginal microbiota in women with spontaneous preterm labor versus those with term labor in Kenya: a case control study, Edgar Gulavi, Fridah Mwendwa, David Atandi, Patricia Okiro, Michael Hall, Robert G. Beiko, and Rodney Adam

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Helicobacter pylori Infection in Africa, Update of the Current Situation and Challenges, Smith S. I., Ajayi. A., Jolaiya T., Onyekwere C., Setshedi . M, Schulz C., Otegbayo . J. A., Ndip . R., Dieye Y., and Gunturu Revathi

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Comparison of maldi-tof ms and 16s rrna sequencing for identification of a collection of clinical isolates of nonntuberculous mycobacteria in Kenya and describing their antimicrobial susceptibilities, David Enoch Kawalya

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Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains in Urban and Slum Settings of Nairobi, Kenya, Glennah Kerubo, Perpetua Ndungu, Yassir Adam Shuaib, Evans Amukoye, Gunturu Revathi, Susanne Homolka, Samuel Kariuki, Matthias Merker, and Stefan Niemann

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A pilot study comparing pre-analytic tissue processes before and after implementation of a quality improvement program for handling breast cancer specimens, Joseph Gatheru Macharia

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Comparison of two immunoassays for detection of anti-SARS cov-2 antibodies among healthcare workers at a tertiary referral Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, Patrick Muriuki Mugaine

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The association of immune and genomic biomarkers and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients at Aga Khan University hospital Nairobi, Catherine Wairimu Mutahi

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Clinicopathologic features of renal cell carcinomas seen at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Kenya, Anderson Mutuiri and Samuel Gakinya

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Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission, Wilfred Ngwa, Beatrice W. Addai, Isaac Adewole, Victoria Ainsworth, James Alaro, Olusegun I. Alatise, Zipporah Ali, Benjamin O. Anderson, Miriam Mutebi, and Shahin Sayed

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Informing healthcare operations with integrated pathology, clinical, and epidemiology data: Lessons from a single institution in Kenya during COVID-19 waves, Allan Njau, Jemimah Kimeu, Jaimini Gohil, and David Nganga

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Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review, Remous Ocloo, Justin Nyasinga, Mohammed Munshi, Aisha Hamdy, Tessa Marciniak, Manonmani Soundararajan, Mae Newton-Foot, Wilma Ziebuhr, Manonmani Soundararajan, and Gunturu Revathi

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Clinical validation of a multiplex PCR-based detection assay using saliva or nasopharyngeal samples for SARS-Cov-2, influenza A and B, Nikhil S. Sahajpal, Ashis K. Mondal, Sudha Ananth, Allan Njau, Kimya Jones, Pankaj Ahluwalia, Eesha Oza, Ted M. Ross, Vamsi Kota, and Arvind Kothandaraman

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A pilot phase Ib/II study of whole-lung low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia: First experience from Africa, Mansoor Saleh, Karishma Sharma, Jasmit Shah, Farrok Karsan, Angela Waweru, Martin Musumbi, Reena Shah, Shahin Sayed, Innocent Abayo, Noureen Karimi, Stacey Gondi, Sehrish Rupani, Grace Kirathe, and Heldah Amariati

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Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune composition in breast cancer patients from Kenya: Spatial distributions and associations with risk factors and tumour …, Shahin Sayed, Xiaohong R. Yang, and Dhirendra Govender

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Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune composition in breast cancer patients from Kenya: Spatial distributions and associations with risk factors and tumour characteristics, Shahin Sayed, Xiaohong R. Yang, Dhirendra Govender, and Breast Health Study group

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Geographic Variability of Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Reappraisal in the Modern Era, Daniel Xia, Shahin Sayed, Zahir Moloo, Samuel Gakinya, Anderson Mutuiri, Jonathan Wawire, Patricia Okiro, Elizabeth L. Courville, Robert P. Hasserjian, and Aliyah R. Sohani

Theses/Dissertations from 2021

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Comparison of AJCC 7th edition (anatomic) vs AJCC 8th edition (prognostic) staging systems for breast cancer, Issack Mohamed Abdi

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Giardia duodenalis: Biology and Pathogenesis, Rodney Adam

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Information asymmetry in the Kenyan medical laboratory sector, Felix Bahati, Mike English, Shahin Sayed, Susan Horton, Onyango Abel Odhiambo, Abdulatif A Samatar, and Jacob McKnight

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Whole-genome sequence-informed MALDI-TOF MS diagnostics reveal importance of Klebsiella oxytoca group in invasive infections: a retrospective clinical study, Aline Cuénod, Daniel Wüthrich, Helena M. B. Seth-Smith, Chantal Ott, Christian Gehringer, Frédéric Foucault, Roxanne Mouchet, Ali Kassim, Gunturu Revathi, and Deborah R. Vogt

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Clinicopathologic Features of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma in Sub-Saharan Africa, Megan J. Fitzpatrick, Shahin Sayed, Zahir Moloo, Mukendi K. A. Kayembe, Drucilla J. Roberts, Thu-Anh Pham, Liqiang Xi, Mark Raffeld, Abner Louissaint, and Aliyah R. Sohani

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The Lancet Commission on diagnostics: transforming access to diagnostics, Kenneth A. Fleming, Susan Horton, Michael L. Wilson, Rifat Atun, Kristen DeStigter, John Flanigan, Shahin Sayed, Pierrick Adam, Bertha Aguilar, and Savvas Andronikou

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Supporting Kenyan women with advanced breast cancer through a network and assessing their needs and quality of life, Asim Jamal, Niha Dhillion, Jasmit Shah, Caroline Kathomi, Alfred Kiragu, Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Catherine Nyongesa, Riaz Kasmani, Innocent Abayo, Grace Kirathe, and Shahin Sayed

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Sickle cell trait frequencies in blood donors and its effect among recepients in Bungoma County, Kenya, Thomas Khisa, Eric Omwenga, Wilfred Emonyi, .... ...., Anthony Ngugi, and et al

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Immunophenotypic expression profile of multiple myeloma cases at a tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, Isabella Chelagat Mengich

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Hemobilia secondary to choledochal cyst, Stanley Mugambi, S. R. Hussain, Ahmed Laving, Patricia Okiro, and Bernadette Muthee

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High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Clostridioides difficile Following Extensive Use of Antimicrobials in Hospitalized Patients in Kenya, Winnie C. Mutai, Marianne W. Mureithi, Omu Anzala, Gunturu Revathi, Brian Kullin, Magdaline Burugu, Cecilia Kyany’a, Erick Odoyo, Peter Otieno, and Lillian Musila

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A prospective observational study of community acquired pneumonia in Kenya: the role of viral pathogens, Jamila Nambafu, Mary Achakolong, Fridah Mwendwa, Jumaa Bwika, Felix Riunga, Samuel Gitau, Hanika Patel, and Rodney Adam

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Association of helicobacter pylori caga and vaca genotypes with gastric adenocarcinoma in Kenya, Priscilla Waithira Njenga

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The utility of an initial point-of-care lactate in predicting in-hospital mortality among adult patients with sepsis and septic shock at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Gicheru B. Nyachira

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Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Review of 3 Cases Managed in Kenya, Matilda Ong’ondi and Elizabeth Kagotho

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COVID-19 screening in a healthcare or community setting: complexity of saliva as a specimen for PCR-based testing, Nikhil Shri Sahajpal, Ashis K. Mondal, Allan Njau, Sudha Ananth, Salil Ghamande, Madhuri Hegde, Alka Chaubey, Amyn M. Rojiani, and Ravindra Kolhe

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High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing Respiratory Viral Panel: A Diagnostic and Epidemiologic Tool for SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses, Nikhil S. Sahajpal, Ashis K. Mondal, Allan Njau, Zachary Petty, Jiani Chen, Sudha Ananth, Pankaj Ahluwalia, Colin Williams, Ted M. Ross, and Alka Chaubey

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Clinical Validation of a Sensitive Test for Saliva Collected in Healthcare and Community Settings with Pooling Utility for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Mass Surveillance, panelNikhil S. Sahajpal, Ashis K. Mondal, Sudha Ananth, Allan Njau, Pankaj Ahluwalia, Vamsi Kota, Kevin Caspary, Ted M. Ross, Michael Farrell, and Michael P. Shannon

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Comparative analysis of triple-negative breast cancer transcriptomics of Kenyan, African American and Caucasian Women, Mansoor Saleh, Darshan Shimoga Chandrashekar, Shahin Sayed, Sumit Agarwal, Hyung-Gyoon Kim, Michael Behring, ASIM JAMAL SHAIKH DR, Zahir Moloo, Isam-Eldin A. Eltoum, and Clayton Yates

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Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a Kenyan cohort of HIV infected anti-retroviral therapy naïve adults, Adil Salyani, Jasmit Shah, Rodney Adam, George Otieno, Evelyn Mbugua, and Reena Shah

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Breast cancer risk factors in relation to molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients from Kenya, Shahin Sayed, Shaoqi Fan, Zahir Moloo, Ronald Wasike, Peter Bird, Mansoor Saleh, ASIM JAMAL SHAIKH DR, Jonine D. Figueroa, Richard Naidoo, and Francis W. Makokha

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Availability of essential diagnostics in ten low-income and middle-income countries: results from national health facility surveys, Harika Yadav, Devanshi Shah, Shahin Sayed, Susan Horton, and Lee F. Schroeder

Theses/Dissertations from 2020

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Etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections among adult patients presenting to a tertiary institution in Nairobi, Mary Achakolong

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Disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates: Solvable or not?, Simone Badal, William Aiken, Belinda Morrison, Henkel Valentine, Sophia Bryan, Andrew Gachii, and Camille Ragin

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Systemic mastocytosis with acute myeloid leukemia occurs from mutually exclusive clones expressing KIT D816V and FLT3-ITD, Jose-Mario Capo-Chichi, Elizabeth Kagotho, Rakesh Nayyar, Davidson Zhao, Mark Minden, and Hong Chang

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Tracing the Evolutionary History and Global Expansion of Candida auris Using Population Genomic Analyses, Nancy A.. Chow, José F. Muñoz, Lalitha Gade, Rodney Adam, and Gunturu Revathi

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Disseminated Carcinomatosis of Bone Marrow in an African Man with Metastatic Descending Colon Carcinoma, Harrison Chuwa, Nadeem Kassam, Casmir Wambura, Omar Sherman, and Salim Surani

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Interactions between the Physical and Social Environments with Adverse Pregnancy Events Related to Placental Disorders—A Scoping Review, Yolisa Prudence Dube, Newton Nyapwere, Laura A. Magee, Marianne Vidler, Sophie E. Moore, Benjamin Barratt, Rachel Craik, Peter von Dadelszen, Prestige Tatenda Makanga, Marleen Temmerman, Angela Koech, Patricia Okiro, Geoffrey Omuse, and Sikolia Wanyonyi

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Isolation, Identification, and Molecular Docking of Antidiabetic Compounds of Cyathea nilgiriensis (Holttum), S. Elavarasi, Gunturu Revathi, and K. Saravanan

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Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activities of Cyathea nilgiriensis (Holttum) on STZ Induced Diabetic Rats, S. Elavarasi, Gunturu Revathi, K. Saravanan, and Horne Iona Averal

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Retroperitoneal isolated enteric duplication cyst, Fariha Fazal and Patricia Okiro

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Combating antibiotic resistance using guidelines and enhanced stewardship in Kenya: a protocol for an implementation science approach, Jesse Gitaka, Moses Kamita, Dominic Mureithi, Davies Ndegwa, Moses Masika, Geoffrey Omuse, Moses Ngari, Francis Makokha, Peter Mwaura, Ronald Mathai, Francis Muregi, and Matilu Mwau

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Urinary bladder metastasis from breast cancer: a rare cause of hematuria, Samuel Gitau, Allan Njau, and Sitna Mwanzi

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CML in megakaryocytic transformation and extramedullary infiltration, Elizabeth Kagotho and Hong Chang

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Analysis of terminal duct lobular unit involution in luminal, her-2enriched and triple negative breast cancer subtypes, Joseph Nyaguti Kiwinga

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Maternal inflammatory markers for chorioamnionitis in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies, Angela Koech, Geoffrey Omuse, Abraham Mukaindo, and Marleen Temmerman

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Implementation of surgical site infection surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: A position statement for the International Society for Infectious Diseases, Shaheen Mehtar, Anthony Wanyoro, Folasade Ogunsola, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Peter Nthumba, Claire Kilpatrick, Gunturu Revathi, Anastasia Antoniadou, Helen Giamarelou, and Anucha Apisarnthanarak

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Addressing the shortage of pathologists in Africa: Creation of a MMed Programme in Pathology in Zambia, Victor Mudenda, Evans Malyangu, Shahin Sayed, and Kenneth Fleming

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Von Willebrand disease among women of African descent attending the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, with menorrhagia, Angela Nabutilu Munoko

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Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Virulence Potentials of Helicobacter pylori Strain KE21 Isolated from a Kenyan Patient with Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma, Catherine Mwangi, Stephen Njoroge, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Zahir Moloo, Allan Rajula, Smita Devani, Takashi Matsumoto, Kimang’a Nyerere, Samuel Kariuki, Gunturu Revathi, and Yoshio Yamaoka

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Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Kenya: Current State, Gaps and Opportunities, Justin Nyasinga, Geoffrey Omuse, John Njenga, Andrew Nyerere, Shima Abdulgader, Mae Newton, Andrew Whitelaw, and Gunturu Revathi

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Adult secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Antonina Obayo, Karishma Sharma, Caroline Mithi, Riyat Malkit, and Anne Mwirigi

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Determination of reference intervals for common chemistry and immunoassay tests for Kenyan adults based on an internationally harmonized protocol and up-to-date statistical methods, Geoffrey Omuse, Kiyoshi Ichihara, Daniel Maina, Mariza Hoffman, Elizabeth Kagotho, Alice Kanyua, Jane Mwangi, Caroline Wambua, Angela Amayo, Peter Ojwang, Zul Premji, and Rajiv Erasmus

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Prognosticating COVID-19: A need for Africa-specific laboratory predictors, Geoffrey Omuse, Janet Maranga, Abubakar Abdillah, and Daniel Maina