The Department of Community Health Sciences works in the area of public and population health sciences to advance health and wellbeing, thereby contributing to Aga Khan University’s vision of serving communities in the developing world and Muslim societies. It applies the University's values of Impact, Quality, Relevance and Access to Public ​Health Education, Research and Practice.​​​​​​​​

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Submissions from 2018

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A prospective cause of death classification system for maternal deaths in low and middle-income countries: Results from the global network maternal newborn health registry, Omrana Pasha, Elizabeth M. McClure, Sarah Saleem, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Carl L. Bose, Melissa Bauserman, Musaku Mwenechanya, and Elwyn Chomba

Nutritional interventions for maternal and child health (MCH) in armed conflict and humanitarian crisis in low income and middle income countries (LMICS): a systematic review of effects and contextual factors, Zahra Peera

Situational analysis of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) among public and private tertiary care hospitals in Karachi : a qualitative case study, Asma Sadruddin Pethani

Factors associated with depression among adult primary brain tumor patients diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan : a cross-sectional study, Anum Sadruddin Pidani

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Measuring socio-economic status of an urban squatter settlement in Pakistan using WAMI index, Nousheen Pradhan, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Fauzia Basaria Hasnani, Shireen Shehzad Bhamani, and Rozina Karmaliani

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Out-of-school children: Examining the reasons in semi- urban setting in Pakistan, Nousheen Pradhan, Tanzil Jamali, Shireen Shehzad Bhamani, Tazeen Saeed Ali, and Rozina Karmaliani

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A retrospective study of laboratory-based enteric fever surveillance, Pakistan, 2012-2014, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shazia Sultana, Attaullah Baig, Sadia Shakoor, Farzeen Hirani, Abdul Wassay, Sehrish Khushboo, Junaid Mehmood, and Alexander Freeman

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Incidence, patterns and associated factors for occupational injuries among agricultural workers in a developing country, Unaib Rabbani and Zafar Fatmi

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Epidemiology of asthma and associated factors in an urban Pakistani population: Adult asthma study-Karachi, Shama Razzaq, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Unaib Rabbani, Muhammad Irfan, Shahla Naeem, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Zafar Fatmi, and Peter Burney

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Reasons for non-vaccination and incomplete vaccinations among children in Pakistan, Atif Riaz, Sara Husain, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Fariha Shaheen, Waheed Mahesar, Saleh Muhammad Dal, Saad B. Omer, Shehla Zaidi, and Syed Asad Ali

Childbirth practices of facilities in district Thatta : a qualitative exploratory study, Sana Roujani

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Inequities in Antenatal Care, and Individual and Environmental Determinants of Utilization at National and Sub-national Level in Pakistan: A Multilevel Analysis, Ambreen Sahito and Zafar Fatmi

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Trends and determinants of stillbirth in developing countries: results from the Global Network’s Population-Based Birth Registry, Sarah Saleem, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Elizabeth M. McClure, Janet L. Moore, Iqbal Azam Syed, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Ana Garces, Sumera Aziz Ali, and Farnaz Naqvi

Perceived barriers for mothers to practice appropriate complementary feeding of infant in district Gilgit, Sonaila Sarwar

Assessing the effectiveness of the maternal, newborn and child health program's place-based continum of care for maternal and neonatal services from the community to the district level in district Thatto Sindh, Pakistan, Hazoora Shaikh

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding infection control measures among medical students, Fatima Sharif, Aysha Khan, Muhammad Adeel Samad, Arsalan Hamid, Amna Aijaz, Iqra Asad, Maham Fatima, Usman Younis Panni, Abeel Irshad, Muhammad Bin Awais, and Narjis Rizvi

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Multimorbidity in South Asian adults: prevalence, risk factors and mortality., Kalpana Singh, Shivani A. Patel, Suddhendu Biswas, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan Ajay, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Zafar Fatmi, Mohammed K. Ali, and Muhammad Masood Kadir

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Ensuring quality in a surveillance system for maternal and newborn health: A proposed study protocol, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sumera Aziz Ali, Anam Shahil Feroz, and Sarah Saleem

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Monitoring of birth registry coverage and data quality utilizing lot quality assurance sampling methodology: A pilot study, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Elizabeth McClure, Farnaz Naqvi, Farina Abrejo, Zahid Soomro, Dennis Wallace, and Robert L. Goldenberg

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Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided detection of tuberculosis on chest radiography among private sector patients in Pakistan, Syed Mohammad Asad Zaidi, Shifa Salman Habib, Bram Van Ginneke, Rashida Abbas Ferrand, Jacob Creswell, Saira Khowaja, and Aamir Khan

Development and validation of an instrument for assessment of professional behaviour during laboratory sessions, Fatima Zehra

Theses/Dissertations from 2017

Quantifying the prediction of sagittal skeletal pattern using dental cast and facial profile photographs in children aged 9 to 14 years : a cross sectional study, Rashna Firoze Aga

Factors influencing chlorhexidine application for prevention of cord infection in District Tando Allahyar Sind, Irshad Ahmed

Assessment of abdominal aortic intima media thickness in late pre-term appropriate for gestational age and growth restricted fetuses : a comparative cross-sectional study, Zohaib Akhter

Determinants of use of long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods among women residing in low income areas of Karachi, Pakistan : a comparative cross-sectional study, Anisa Barkat Ali

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Survellience system for child abuse: Bridging the gap between actual and hidden cases., Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir, Yasmin Parpio, and Salima Farooq

Breaking the vicious cycle of stunting in children under 5 in developing countries of South Asia by overcoming barriers and recommending interventions : a systematic review, Reena Mansoor Ali Ali

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The relationship between contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies among married women in Thatta district, Pakistan., Sumera Aziz Ali and Farina Abrejo

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Ozone depletion, a big threat to climate change: What can be done?, Sumera Aziz Ali, Savera Aziz Ali, and Nadir Suhail

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Predictors of Modern Contraceptive Usage among Women in Rural Pakistan: Physical Access to Services Stills a Major Barrier, Sumera Aziz Ali and Zafar Fatmi

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Unintended Pregnancies among Married Women in Sindh Pakistan: Role of Lady Health Workers, Sumera Aziz Ali and Unaib Rabbani

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Can right to health help policy makers to address maternal mortality?: A short communication, Sumera Aziz Ali, Nadir Suhail, and Savera Aziz Ali

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Childhood and adolescent obesity: Primary Health Care Physicians’ perspectives from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Faiza Nasser AlOtaibi, Majeedah AlOtaibi, Shiakhah AlAnazi, Hanan Al-Gethami, Deemah AlAteeq, Rowaydah Mishiddi, and Amna Rehana Siddiqui

Burden of children younger than 2 years with missed age appropriate EPI vaccination, Does Pakistan need a catch-up immunization policy : a public health issue - then and now, Nousheen Anwar

Association between occulsal interferences and bruxism in individuals aged 18-40 year of Karachi, Pakistan : a case control study, Tayyaba Arshad

Knowledge and Perception Regarding Autism among Primary School Teachers: A Cross-sectional Survey from Pakistan, South Asia, Adil Ayub, Buria Naeem, Wajahat Nazir Ahmed, Suraksha Srichand, Komal Aziz, Brooj Abro, Sehrish Najam, Duraiz Murtaza, Ali Ahmed Janjua, and Sara Ali

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental scores in infants and children using ages and stages questionnaires, Hina Aziz

Risk factors for sepsis among postpartum admitted to tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan; a nested case control study, Samina Bakhtawar

Evalution of policies aimed at reducing urban-rural disparity in human resource for health in low and middle income countries : a systematic review, Hassan J. Baloach

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Cost-effectiveness of a family planning voucher program in rural Pakistan, Edward Ivor Broughton, Waqas Hameed, Xaher Gul, Shabnum Sarfraz, Imam Yar Baig, and Monica Villanueva

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Effects of essential newborn care training on fresh stillbirths and early neonatal deaths by maternal education., Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A. Waldemar A Carlo, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Imtiaz Jehan, Antoinette Tshefu, Ana Garces, Sansita Parida, Fernando Althabe, Elizabeth M. McClure, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Carl L. Bose, Nancy F. Krebs, Puspamitra Panigrahi, Pierre Buekens, Debra Wallace, Moore J., Marion Koso-Thomas, and Linda L. Wright

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Tobacco control environment: cross-sectional survey of policy implementation, social unacceptability, knowledge of tobacco health harms and relationship to quit ratio in 17 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries., Clara K. Chow, Daniel J. Corsi, Anna B. Gilmore, Annamarie Kruger, Ehimario Igumbor, Jephat Chifamba, Wang Yang, Li Wei, Romaina Iqbal, Prem Mony, Rajeev Gupta, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, V Mohan, Rajesh Kumar, Omar Rahman, Khalid Yusoff, Noorhassim Ismail, Katarzyna Zatonska, Yuksel Altuntas, Annika Rosengren, Ahmad Bahonar, Afzal Hussein Yusufali, Gilles Dagenais, Scott Lear, Rafael Diaz, Alvaro Avezum, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Fernando Lanas, Sumathy Rangarajan, Koon Teo, Martin McKee, and Salim Yusuf

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Epidemiological differences between localized and nonlocalized low back pain., David Coggon, Georgia Ntani, Karen Walker-Bone, Keith T. Palmer, Vanda E. Felli, Raul Harari, Lope H. Barrero, Sarah A. Felknor, David Gimeno, Anna Cattrell, Sergio Vargas-Prada, Matteo Bonzini, Eleni Solidaki, Eda Merisalu, Rima R. Habib, Farideh Sadeghian, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Sudath SP Warnakulasuriya, Ko Matsudaira, Busisiwe Nyantumbu, Malcolm R. Sim, Helen Harcombe, Ken Cox, Leila M.M. Sarquis, Maria H. Marziale, Florencia Harari, Rocio Freire, Natalia Harari, Magda V. Monroy, Leonardo A. Quintana, Marianela Rojas, Elizabeth Clare Harris, Consol Serra, Jose´ Miguel Martinez, George Delclos, Fernando G. Benavides, Michele Carugno, Marco M. Ferrario, Angela C. Pesatori, Leda Chatzi, Panos Bitsios, Manolis Kogevinas, Kristel Oha, Tiina Freimann, Ali Sadeghian, Roshini J. Peiris-John, Nalini Sathiakumar, A. Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Noriko Yoshimura, Helen L. Kelsall, Victor C.W. Hoe, Donna M. Urquhart, Sarah Derrett, David McBride, Peter Herbison, Andrew Gray, and Eduardo J. Salazar Vega

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Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study., Mahshid Dehghan, Andrew Mente, Xiaohe Zhang, Sumathi Swaminathan, Wei Li, Viswanathan Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, Rajesh Kumar, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Annika Rosengren, Leela Itty Amma, Alvaro Avezum, Jephat Chifamba, Rafael Diaz, Rasha Khatib, Scott Lear, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Xiaoyun Liu, Rajeev Gupta, Noushin Mohammadifard, Nan Gao, Aytekin Oguz, Anis Safura Ramli, Pamela Seron, Yi Sun, Andrzej Szuba, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Andreas Wielgosz, Rita Yusuf, Afzal Hussein Yusufali, Koon K. Teo, Sumathy Rangarajan, Gilles Dagenais, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Shofiqul Islam, Sonia S. Anand, and Salim Yusuf

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Effects of bidi smoking on all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory outcomes in men from south Asia: an observational community-based substudy of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (PURE), MyLinh Duong, Sumathy Rangarajan, Xiaohe Zhang, Kieran Killian, Prem Mony, Sumathi Swaminathan, Ankalmadagu Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi, Sanjeev Nair, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Indu Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, and Khawar Kazmi

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Persistent albuminuria as a surrogate marker of chronic kidney damage among newly diagnosed hypertensives: Prevalence and risk factors in an urban population in Karachi, Pakistan., Muslima Ejaz, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammed Mubarak, Tazeen Jafar, Juanita Hatcher, and Tazeen Jafar

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Quality of life perceptions in school-going adolescents with social anxiety., Syeda Ayesha Farooq, Aeman Muneeb, Warda Ajmal, Maaida Asif Tauni, Sana Mahmood, Syed Kalimullah Sohaib Qadri, Asfand Yar Butt, Syed Farrukh Mustafa, Syed Hamza Sohail, and Narjis Rizvi

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Lead exposure assessment among pregnant women, newborns, and children: case study from Karachi, Pakistan., Zafar Fatmi, Ambreen Sahito, Akihiko Ikegami, Atsuko Mizuno, Xiaoyi Cui, Nathan Mise, Mai Takagi, Yayoi Kobayashi, and Fujio Kayama

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Feasibility of mHealth intervention to improve uptake of antenatal and postnatal care services in peri‐urban areas of Karachi: A qualitative exploratory study, Anam Feroz, Narjis Rizvi, Saleem Sayani, and Sarah Saleem

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Role of mHealth applications for improving antenatal and postnatal care in low and middle income countries: a systematic review, Anam Shahil Feroz, Shagufta Perveen, and Wafa Aftab

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Maternal near miss in low-resource areas., Robert L. Goldenberg, Sarah Saleem, Sumera Aziz Ali, Janet L. Moore, Adrien Lokangako, Antoinette Tshefu, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba, Ana Garces, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad Goudar, Bhalachandra Kodkany, Archana Patel, Fabian Esamai, Paul Nsyonge, Margo S. Harrison, Melissa Bauserman, Carl L. Bose, Nancy F. Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Richard J. Derman, Patricia L. Hibberd, Edward A. Liechty, Dennis D. Wallace, Jose M. Belizan, Menachem Miodovnik, Marion Koso-Thomas, Waldemar A. Carlo, Alan H. Jobe, and Elizabeth M. McClure

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Empowerment among women nurses: A conceptual review of the literature, Saleema A. Gulzar, Rozina Karmaliani, Shehla Shamsuddin Noorani, and Ahmad Ali Shah

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Anthropometric indices for non-pregnant women of childbearing age differ widely among four low-middle income populations, K Michael Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Ana Garcés, Jamie E. Westcott, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Omrana Pasha, Sumera Aziz Ali, and Antoinette Tshefu

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A prospective study of maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes in the setting of cesarean section in low- and middle-income countries., Margo S. Harrison, Omrana Pasha, Sarah Saleem, Sumera Aziz Ali, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A. Carlo, Ana L. Garces, Nancy F. Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Bhala Kodkany, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Archana Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Fabian Esamai, Edward A. Liechty, Janet L. Moore, Dennis Wallace, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Menachem Miodovnik, Marion Koso-Thomas, Jose Belizan, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Melissa Bauserman, and Robert L. Goldenberg

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A description of the methods of the aspirin supplementation for pregnancy indicated risk reduction in nulliparas (ASPIRIN) study, Matthew K. Hoffman, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Bhalachandra S. Kodkany, Norman Goco, Marion Koso-Thomas, Menachem Miodovnik, Elizabeth M. McClure, Dennis D. Wallace, Jennifer J. emingway-Foday, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien Lokangaka, Carl L. Bose, Elwyn Chomba, Musaku Mwenechanya, Waldemar A. Carlo, Ana Garces, Nancy F. Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Sarah Saleem, Robert L. Goldenberg, Archana Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Fabian Esamai, Edward A. Liechty, Robert Silver, and Richard J. Derman

Association of shift work with stress among registered nurses at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan, Syed Ahmad Hussain

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Association of vitamin D binding protein polymorphism with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Pakistani urban population: A case control study, Khalida Iqbal, Najmul Islam, Iqbal Azam, Ali Asghar, Naseema Mehboobali, and Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal

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The Effect of Breastfeeding on the Cognitive and Language Development of Children Under 3 Years of Age: Results of Balochistan-Early Childhood Development Project, Meesha Iqbal Iqbal, Ghazala Rafique, and Sumera Aziz Ali

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The need for dietary guidelines in Pakistan, Romaina Iqbal, Saman Tahir, and Naveera Ghulamhussain

A systematic review of water treatment strategies for childhood diarrhoea in low and middle income settings, Shaista Jabeen

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Multicomponent intervention versus usual care for management of hypertension in rural Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial., Tazeen H. Jafar, Imtiaz Jehan, H. Asita de Silva, Aliya Naheed, Mihir Gandhi, Pryseley Assam, Eric A. Finkelstein, Helena Legido Quigley, Marcel Bilger, Aamir Hameed, John David Clemens, Shah Ebrahim, Elizabeth L. Turner, and Anuradhani Kasturiratne

Community's perceptions of barriers to childhood routine immunization : a qualitative post-intervention comparative study done in district Tando Mohammad Khan, Sindh, Durenaz Jamal

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Evaluation of short-term health effects among rural women and reduction in household air pollution due to improved cooking stoves: quasi experimental study, Tanzil Jamali, Zafar Fatmi, Afshan Shahid, Aneeta Khoso, Muhammad Masood Kadir, and Nalini Sathiakumar

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Validation of respiratory questionnaire for lung function assessment among an occupational group of textile workers in Pakistan, Tanzil Jamali and Asaad Ahmed Nafees

Barriers and enabling factors for introducing Kangaroo mother care in the rural setting of Sindh : a case study in district Dadu, Pakistan, Muhammad Juman

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Overview of coronary heart disease risk initiatives in south Asia, Ankur Kalra, Deepak L. Bhatt, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Kunal Suri, Sundeep Mishra, Romaina Iqbal, and Salim S. Virani

Women's satisfaction from delivery services in public sector health facility in district Hyderabad, Aftab Ahmed Kazi

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Association of post-traumatic stress disorder and work performance: A survey from an emergency medical service, Karachi, Pakistan., Salima Kerai, Omrana Pasha, Uzma R. Khan, Muhammad Islam, Nargis Asad, and junaid Razzak

Outbreak investigation and assessment of determinants of ceftriaxone resistant salmonella typhi outbreak from Hyderabad, Pakistan : a matched case-control study, Muhammad Khalid

Factors responsible for low retention of community midwives (CMWs) in Sind, Pakistan, Adnan Ahmed Khan

Perceptions and experiences of women about their help seeking behavior violence for domestic violence in Chitral : a qualitative exploratory case study design, Nigar Abdul Jabbar Khan

Perceptions regarding quality standards of managing cardiac emergencies in tertiary care setup; from best evidence to best practice, Anaiz Ahmed Khowaja

Comparision between bonded amalgam sealants and resin based sealants : a randomized controlled trial in children aged 12 to 16 years from Karachi, Pakistan, Samreen Ali Khowaja

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Tackling the health burden of air pollution in South Asia, Bhargav Krishna, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Amna R. Siddiqui, Bilkis A. Begum, Damodar Bachani, and Michael Brauer

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Repeat 24-hour recalls and locally developed food composition databases: a feasible method to estimate dietary adequacy in a multi-site preconception maternal nutrition RCT., Rebecca L. Lander, K. Michael Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Jamie E. Westcott, Ana Garces, Lester Figueroa, Gabriela Tejeda, Adrien Lokangaka, Tshilenge S. Diba, Manjunath S. Somannavar, Ranjitha Honnayya, Sumera Aziz Ali, Umber S. Khan, Elizabeth M. McClure, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Kristen B. Stolka, and For the Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial Group

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The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE study., Scott A. Lear, Weihong Hu, Sumathy Rangarajan, Danijela Gasevic, Darryl Leong, Romaina Iqbal, Amparo Casanova, Sumathi Swaminathan, R M. MAnjana, Rajesh Kumar, Annika Rosengren, Li Wei, Wang Yang, Wang Chuangshi, Liu Huaxing, Sanjeev Nair, Rafael Diaz, Hany Swidon, Rajeev Gupta, Noushin Mohammadifard, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Aytekin Oguz, Katarzyna Zatonska, Pamela Seron, Alvaro Avezum, Paul Poirier, Koon Teo, and Salim Yusuf

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Did contracting effect the use of primary health care units in Pakistan?, ashar muhammad malik, Ellen Van de Poel, and Eddy Van Doorslaer

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Nature, scope and use of economic evaluation of healthcare programmes: with special reference to Pakistan., Muhammad Ashar Malik, Saleem Perwaiz Iqbal, and Farina Abrejo

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Expenditure tracking and review of reproductive maternal, newborn and child health policy in Pakistan., Muhammad Ashar Malik, Abdul Sattar Nahyoun, Arjumand Rizvi, Zaid Ahmad Bhatti, and Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

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Association of dietary nutrients with blood lipids and blood pressure in 18 countries: a cross-sectional analysis from the PURE study., Andrew Mente, Mahshid Dehghan, Sumathy Rangarajan, Matthew McQueen, Gilles Dagenais, Andreas Wielgosz, Scott Lear, Wei Li, Hui Chen, Sun Yi, Yang Wang, Rafael Diaz, Alvaro Avezum, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Pamela Seron, Rajesh Kumar, Rajeev Gupta, Viswanathan Mohan, Sumathi Swaminathan, Raman Kutty, Katarzyna Zatonska, Romaina Iqbal, Rita Yusuf, Noushin Mohammadifard, Rasha Khatib, Nafiza Mat Nasir, Noorhassim Ismail, Aytekin Oguz, Annika Rosengren, Afzalhussein Yusufali, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Thandi Puoane, Jephat Chifamba, Koon Teo, Sonia S. Anand, and Salim Yusuf

LHW's role in the provision of nutrition services for under 5 children in peri-urban areas of Karachi - a qualitative study, Nazia Nadir Ali Merchant

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Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study., Victoria Miller, Andrew Mente, Mahshid Dehghan, Sumathy Rangarajan, Xiaohe Zhang, Sumathi Swaminathan, Gilles Dagenais, Rajeev Gupta, Viswanathan Mohan, Scott Lear, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Aletta E. Schutte, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Alvaro Avezum, Yuksel Altuntas, Khalid Yusoff, Noorhassim Ismail, Nasheeta Peer, Jephat Chifamba, Rafael Diaz, Omar Rahman, Noushin Mohammadifard, Fernando Lana, Katarzyna Zatonska, Andreas Wielgosz, Afzalhussein Yusufali, Romaina Iqbal, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Rasha Khatib, Annika Rosengren, V Raman Kutty, Wei Li, Jiankang Liu, Xiaoyun Liu, Lu Yin, Koon Teo, Sonia Anand, and Salim Yusuf

Hospital-related factors associated with multidrug resistant organism acquisition : a cross-control study, Nosheen Nasir

A prospective cause of death classification system for maternal deaths in low and middle-income countries: Results from the global network maternal newborn health registry, Omrana Pasha, Elizabeth M. McClure, Sarah Saleem, Shiyam Sunder, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Carl L. Bose, Melissa Bauserman, Musaku Mwenechanya, and Elwyn Chomba

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Comparison of multiple obesity indices for cardiovascular disease risk classification in South Asian adults: The CARRS Study., Shivani A. Patel, Mohan Deepa, Roopa Shivashankar, Mohammed K. Ali, Deksha Kapoor, Ruby Gupta, Dorothy Lall, Nikhil Tandon, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, and K. M. Venkat Narayan

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Identifying constraints for hospital infection control management via mckinsey 7s framework in Pakistan, Shagufta Perveen and Shifa Salman Habib

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Prevalence and incidence of hypertension: Results from a representative cohort of over 16,000 adults in three cities of south Asia, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Shreeparna Ghosh, Roopa Shivashankar, Vamadevan S. Ajay, Dimple Kondal, Ruby Gupta, Mohammed K. Ali, Deepa Mohan, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Nikhil Tandon, Kolli Srinath Reddy, and K.M. Venkat Narayan

How the hospital waste is being managed in the public sector hospitals Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan, Muhammad Moosa Qazi

Frequency and associated factors of typhoid carrier on duoenal fluid culture in a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan : a crossectional study, Sonia Qureshi

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Risk assessment for arsenic-contaminated groundwater along River Indus in Pakistan., Unaib Rabbani, Gohar Mahar, Azhar Siddique, and Zafar Fatmi

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Pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with biomass fuel use among rural women in Pakistan: An age- and residence-matched case-control study, Unaib Rabbani, Ambreen Sahito, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Ambreen Kazi, and Zafar Fatmi

Factors associated with diagnostic and treatment delays among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in peri-urban areas of Karachi Pakistan : a mixed methods study, Fazal Rabi

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Governing multisectoral action for health in low- and middle-income countries, Kumanan Rasanathan, Sara Bennett, Vincent Atkins, Robert Beschel, Gabriel Carrasquilla, Jodi Charles, Rajib Dasgupta, Kirk Emerson, Douglas Glandon, Churnrurtai Kanchanachitra, and Shehla Zaidi

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New leadership model for family physicians in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a pilot study across selected countries, Salman Rawaf, Waris Qidwai, TAM Khoja, Kashmira Nanji, NY Kurashi, F Alnasir, MA Al Shafaee, M Al Shetti, M Bashir, NES Saad, S Alkaisi, W Halasa, H Al-Duwaisan, A Al-Ali, TM Farahat, M Tarawneh, A Khathami, A Abutiheen, Iqbal Azam Syed, and A Swaka

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Impressions and attitudes of adult residents of Karachi towards a possible public health insurance scheme, Vishal Farid Raza, Mustafa Iftikhar, Asma Gulab, Javeria Anwar, Maryam Tetlay, Sara Atif, Zoya Butt, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Asad Moiz, and Marium Nadeem

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Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Cervical Cancer and Uptake of Pap Smear among Women in Karachi, Pakistan, Shama Razzaq, Sayeeda Amber Sayed Amber Sayeeda Amber Sayed, and Sumera Aziz Ali

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Coverage and predictors of routine immunization among 12-23 months old children in disaster affected communities in Pakistan., Shafiq Ur Rehman, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Jamil Ahmed, Zafar Fatmi, Sayed Masoom Shah, Aisha Rahman Aisha Rahman, and Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai

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Multilevel modeling of binary outcomes with three-level complex health survey data., Shafquat Rozi, Sadia Mahmud, Gillian Lancaster, Wilbur Hadden, and Gregory Pappas

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Barriers or gaps in implementation of misoprostol use for post-abortion care and post-partum hemorrhage prevention in developing countries: a systematic review, Amirali Samnani, Narjis Rizvi, Tazeen Ali, and Farina Abrejo

Validation of InstaDx, A clinical decision support tool information technology based application for ischemic stroke, Saadia Sattar