Mental health concerns are now at the top of the list of threats to the economic and social well-being of the people and communities served by AKU. Children and youth, a huge demographic in served countries, are especially vulnerable with large proportions of the population already suffering the lifelong consequences of inaction.​
​The Brain and Mind Institute is a new entity that operates across the Aga Khan University’s multi-country campuses, connecting the rich tapestry of academic entities, and facilitating interdisciplinary research, education and related clinical programming in mental health and neurosciences. The Institute is developing an integrated mental health framework and its work program involves Read more...

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Submissions from 2013

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Characterization of the anxiolytic activity of Nunavik Rhodiola rosea, Christian Cayer, Fida Ahmed, Vicky Filion, Ammar Saleem, Alain Cuerrier, Marc Allard, Guy Rochefort, Zul Merali, and John T. Arnason

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Adult neurogenesis in eight Megachiropteran species, Richard Chawana, Nina Patzke, Consolate Kaswera, Emmanuel Gilissen, Amadi O. Ihunwo, and Paul R. Manger

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Inhibition of IL-6 signaling: a novel therapeutic approach to treating spinal cord injury pain, Jutatip Guptarak; Sheshali Wanchoo; Julieann Durham-Lee; Yewen Wu; Dragoslava Zivadinovic; Adriana Paulucci-Holthauzen; and Olivera Nesic Taylor,

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Soothing the Threatened Brain: Leveraging Contact Comfort with Emotionally Focused Therapy, Susan M. Johnson, Melissa Burgess Moser, Lane Beckes, Andra Smith, Rebecca Halchuk, Karen Hasselmo, Paul S. Greenman, Zul Merali, and James A. Coan

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Stress and eating: a dual role for bombesin-like peptides, Zul Merali, S. Graitson, J. C. MacKay, and P. Kent

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Activation of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors at the infralimbic cortex elicits gastrin-releasing peptide release at the basolateral amygdala: implications for conditioned fear, Zul Merali, C. Mountney, P. Kent, and H. Anisman

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Adult neurogenesis in a giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), Nina Patzke, Consolate Kaswera, Emmanuel Gilissen, Amadi O. Ihunwo, and Paul R. Manger

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Organization and chemical neuroanatomy of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) hippocampus, Nina Patzke, Olatunbosun Olaleye, Mark Haagensen, Patrick R. Hof, Amadi O. Ihunwo, and Paul R. Manger

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In contrast to many other mammals, cetaceans have relatively small hippocampi that appear to lack adult neurogenesis, Nina Patzke, M. A. Spocter, Karl Æ. Karlsson, Mads F. Bertelsen, Mark Haagensen, Richard Chawana, Sonja Streicher, Consolate Kaswera, Emmanuel Gilissen, Abdulaziz N. Alagaili, Osama B. Mohammed, Roger L. Reep, Nigel C. Bennett, Jerry M. Siegel, Amadi O. Ihunwo, and Paul R. Manger

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Histology and ultrastructure of transitional changes in skin morphology in the juvenile and adult four-striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), Eranée Stewart, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, and Amadi O. Ihunwo

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Development of NMDAR antagonists with reduced neurotoxic side effects: a study on GK11, Delphine Vandame; Lauriane Ulmann; Marisa Teigell; Monica Prieto-Cappellini; Jacques Vignon; Alain Privat; Regino Perez-Polo; Olivera Nesic Taylor,; and Helene Hirbec

Submissions from 2012

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Induction of angiopoietin-2 after spinal cord injury, JC Durham-Lee; Y Wu; VUL Mokkapati; AA Paulucci-Holthauzen; and Olivera Nesic Taylor,

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A study of brain and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto rat strains after electroconvulsive stimulus, C. Kyeremanteng, J. James, J. Mackay, and Zul Merali

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A refined blood collection method for quantifying corticosterone, Marc R. Milot, Jonathan S. James, Zul Merali, and Hélène Plamondon

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Bombesin receptor regulation of emotional memory, Rafael Roesler, Pamela Kent, Nadja Schroder, Gilberta Schwartsmann, and Zul Merali

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Delirium, Tayyeb Tahir

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Delirium, Tayyeb Tahir

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Molecular pathway reconstruction and analysis of disturbed gene expression in depressed individuals who died by suicide, Vladimir Zhurov, John D. H. Stead, Zul Merali, Miklos Palkovits, Gabor Faludi, Caroline Schild-Poulter, Hymie Anisman, and Michael O. Poulter

Submissions from 2011

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Amiloride improves locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury, Julieann C. Durham-Lee; Venkata Usha L Mokkapati; Kathia M. Johnson; and Olivera Nesic Taylor,

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Effects of intracerebral ventricular administration of gastrin-releasing peptide and its receptor antagonist RC-3095 on learned fear responses in the rat, Zul Merali, Christine Mountney, Pam Kent, and Hymie Anisman

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In vivo levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gastrin-releasing peptide at the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex in response to conditioned fear in the rat, Christine Mountney, Hymie Anisman, and Zul Merali

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Anxiolytic activity of a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae), Martha Mullally, Kari Kramp, Chris Cayer, Ammar Saleem, Fida Ahmed, Calum McRae, John Baker, Andrew Goulah, Marco Otorola, and Zul Merali

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Organisation and chemical neuroanatomy of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) olfactory bulb, Ayanda Ngwenya, Nina Patzke, Amadi O. Ihunwo, and Paul R. Manger

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Effect of melatonin on neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing cells in the brain following global cerebral ischemia, Engela Smith Petri, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, Olatunbosun Olaleye, and Amadi O. Ihunwo

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Effect of melatonin on neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing cells in the brain following global cerebral ischemia, Engela Smith Petri, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, Olatunbosun Olaleye, and Amadi O. Ihunwo

Submissions from 2010

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Perspectives on neonatal hypoxia/ischemia-induced edema formation, Diana Carolina Ferrari; Olivera Nesic Taylor,; and Jose Regino Perez-Polo

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Cell proliferation and total granule cell number in dentate gyrus of transgenic Tg2576 mouse, Amadi O. Ihunwo and Reinhard Schliebs

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Altered Organization of GABA(A) Receptor mRNA Expression in the Depressed Suicide Brain, Michael O. Poulter, Lisheng Du, Vladimir Zhurov, Miklós Palkovits, Gábor Faludi, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman

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A randomized controlled trial of quetiapine versus placebo in the treatment of delirium, Tayyeb Tahir, Eamonn Eeles, Venugopal Karapareddy, Prem Muthuvelu, Sian Chapple, Bethan Phillips, Toyin Adyemo, Daniel Farewell, and Jonathan I. Bisson

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Aquaporins in spinal cord injury: the janus face of aquaporin 4, Olivera Nesic Taylor,; J. D. Guest; D. Zivadinovic; P. A. Narayana; J .J. Herrera; R. J. Grill; V. U.L Mokkapati; B. B. Gelman; and J. Lee

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Spinal Cord Injury Pain, Olivera Nesic Taylor,; Laura M. Sundberg; Juan J. Herrera; Venkata U.L . Mokkapati; Julieann Lee; and Ponnada A. Narayana

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Vascular endothelial growth factor and spinal cord injury pain, Olivera Nesic Taylor,; Laura M. Sundberg; Juan J. Herrera; Venkata UL Mokkapati; Julieann Lee; and Ponnada A. Narayana

Submissions from 2009

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Ethnopharmacology of Q’eqchi’ Maya antiepileptic and anxiolytic plants: Effects on the GABAergic system, Rosalie Awad, Fida Ahmed, Natalie Bourbonnais-Spear, Martha Mullally, Chieu Anh Ta, Andrew Tang, Zul Merali, Pedro Maquin, Francisco Caal, and Victor Cal

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Behavioural Patterns and Corticosterone Levels Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress in the Four-Striped Mice (Rhabdomys pumilio), Thirosha Chetty, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, Paul R. Manger, and Amadi O. Ihunwo

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Behavioural Patterns and Corticosterone Levels Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress in the Four-Striped Mice (Rhabdomys pumilio), Thirosha Chetty, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, Paul R. Manger, and Amadi O. Ihunwo

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Comparison of clinical assessment and actigraphy in the characterization of delirium, Eamonn M P Eeles, Tayyeb Tahir, Antony Johansen, Jonathon I Bisson Jonathon I Bisson, and Ruth E. Hubbard

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Impact of repeated stressor exposure on the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone, arginine-vasopressin and bombesin-like peptides at the anterior pituitary, Zul Merali, S. Hayley, P. Kent, J. McIntosh, T. Bédard, and H. Anisman

Submissions from 2008

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Serotonin receptor subtype and p11 mRNA expression in stress-relevant brain regions of suicide and control subjects, Hymie Anisman, Lisheng Du, Mikos Palkovits, Gabor Faludi, Gabor G. Kovacs, Peter Szontagh-Kishazi, Zul Merali, and Michael O. Poulter

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Neurotransmitter, peptide and cytokine processes in relation to depressive disorder: comorbidity between depression and neurodegenerative disorders, Hymie Anisman, Zul Merali, and Shawn Hayley

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Experiential and genetic contributions to depressive- and anxiety-like disorders: clinical and experimental studies, Hymie Anisman, Zul Merali, and John D. H. Stead

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Drug treatment of delirium: past, present and future, Richard S. Bourne, Tayyeb Tahir, Mark Borthwick, and Elizabeth L. Sampson

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Distribution and morphology of putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the brain of the greater canerat, Thryonomys swinderianus, Sarika Dwarika, Busisiwe c. Maseko, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Kjell Fuxe, and Paul R. Manger

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Functional interactions between dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine neurons: an in-vivo electrophysiological study in rats with monoaminergic lesions, Bruno P. Guiard, Mostafa E.l. Mansari, Zul Merali, and Pierre Blier

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Anatomy: Spotlight on Africa, Beverley Kramer, Nalini Pather, and Amadi O. Ihunwo

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Effects of corticosterone on corticotrophin-releasing hormone and gastrin-releasing peptide release in response to an aversive stimulus in two regions of the forebrain (central nucleus of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex), Zul Merali, Hymie Anisman, Jonathan S. James, Pam Kent, and Jay Schulkin

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Nesfatin-1 increases anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in the rat, Zul Merali, C. Cayer, P. Kent, and H. Anisman

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Effects of gastrin-releasing peptide agonist and antagonist administered to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala on conditioned fear in the rat, Christine Mountney, Hymie Anisman, and Zul Merali

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GABAA receptor promoter hypermethylation in suicide brain: implications for the involvement of epigenetic processes, Michael O. Poulter, Lisheng Du, Ian C.G. Weaver, Miklós Palkovits, Gábor Faludi, Zul Merali, Moshe Szyf, and Hymie Anisman

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Nuclear factor-κB decoy amelioration of spinal cord injury-induced inflammation and behavior outcomes, Danny Salah Rafati; Katja Geissle; Kathia Johnson; Geda Unabia; Claire Hulsebosch; Olivera Nesic Taylor,; and J. Regino Perez-Polo

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Nuclear organization and morphology of serotonergic neurons in the brain of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus, Stacey-Le Rodrigues, Busisiwe c. Maseko, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Kjell Fuxe, and Paul R. Manger

Submissions from 2007

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Interferon-α effects are exaggerated when administered on a psychosocial stressor backdrop: Cytokine, corticosterone and brain monoamine variations, Hymie Anisman, Michael O. Poulter, Reno Gandhi, Zul Premji, and Shawn Hayleya

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Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor alterations elicited by acute and chronic unpredictable stressor challenges in stressor-susceptible and resilient strains of mice, Hymie Anisman, Priya Prakash, Zul Merali, and Michael O. Poulter

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Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, R. Awad, D. Levac, P. Cybulska, V. L. Trudeau, Zul Merali, and J. T. Arnason

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Role of gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin B in anxiety and fear-related behavior, Tania Bédard, Christine Mountney, Pam Kent, Hymie Anisman, and Zul Merali

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Ethnopharmacological investigation of plants used to treat susto, a folk illness, Natalie Bourbonnais-Spear, Rosalie Awad, Zul Merali, Pedro Maquin, Victor Cal, and John Thor Arnason

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Phosphorylation of Bcl-xL after spinal cord injury, Diana M. Cittelly; Olivera Nesic Taylor,; and Jose Regino Perez-Polo

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Influence of poly I:C on sickness behaviors, plasma cytokines, corticosterone and central monoamine activity: moderation by social stressors, Reno Gandhi, Shawn Hayley, Julie Gibb, Hymie Anisman, and Zul Merali

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Psychosocial Stress Evoked by a Virtual Audience: Relation to Neuroendocrine Activity, Owen Kelly, Kimberly Matheson, Alejandra Martinez, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman

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Ruminative coping among patients with dysthymia before and after pharmacotherapy, Owen Kelly, Kim Matheson, Arun Ravindran, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman

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Hypoxia alters the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins after brain trauma in the mouse, Angelo Mikrogianakis, Rachel E. Shaye, Phillip Griffin, Sarah Kawesa, Julia Lockwood, Nathalie H. Gendron, Isabelle Gaboury, Zul Merali, Alex E. Mackenzie, and James S. Hutchison

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Distribution and morphology of catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the brain of the highveld gerbil, Tatera brantsii, Don-Joon Moon, Busisiwe C. Maseko, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Kjell Fuxe, and Paul R. Manger

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Anxiety responses, plasma corticosterone and central monoamine variations elicited by stressors in reactive and nonreactive mice and their reciprocal F1 hybrids, V. Roy, Zul Merali, M. O. Poulter, and H. Anisman

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Acute and Chronic Changes in Aquaporin 4 Expression After Spinal Cord Injury, Olivera Nesic Taylor,; Julieann Lee; Zaiming Ye; Geda C. Unabia; Danny Rafati; Claire E. Hulsebosch; and J. Regino Perez-Polo

Submissions from 2006

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Therapeutic and protective effect of environmental enrichment against psychogenic and neurogenic stress, Cosette Fox, Zul Merali, and Catherine Harrison

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The frequency and anatomical features of torus mandibularis in a Black South African population, Amadi O. Ihunwo and P Phukubye

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Bombesin receptors as a novel anti-anxiety therapeutic target: BB1 receptor actions on anxiety through alterations of serotonin activity, Zul Merali, Tania Bédard, Nick Andrews, Ben Davis, Alexander T. McKnight, M. Isabel Gonzalez, Martyn Pritchard, Pam Kent, and Hymie Anisman

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone, arginine vasopressin, gastrin-releasing peptide, and neuromedin B alterations in stress-relevant brain regions of suicides and control subjects, Zul Merali, Pamela Kent, Lisheng Du, Pavel Hrdina, Miklos Palkovits, Gabor Faludi, Michael O. Poulter, Tania Bédard, and Hymie Anisman

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Effects of acute or chronic omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid treatment on behavioral, neuroendocrine and cytokine changes elicited by exogenous interleukin-1beta challenge, Maïa Miguelez, Hymie Anisman, Jean-Michel Weber, and Zul Merali

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The role of gastrin-releasing peptide on conditioned fear: differential cortical and amygdaloid responses in the rat, Christine Mountney, Victoria Sillberg, Pam Kent, Hymie Anisman, and Zul Merali

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Maternal factors and monoamine changes in stress-resilient and susceptible mice: cross-fostering effects, Priya Prakash, Zul Merali, Miroslava Kolajova, Beth M. Tannenbaum, and Hymie Anisman

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Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola--(Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models, P. Wijeweera, J. T. Arnason, D. Koszycki, and Zul Merali

Submissions from 2005

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Cytokines as a precipitant of depressive illness: animal and human studies, Hymie Anisman, Zul Merali, Michael O. Poulter, and Shawn Hayley

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The pathogenesis of clinical depression: stressor- and cytokine-induced alterations of neuroplasticity, S. Hayley, M. O. Poulter, Zul Merali, and H. Anisman

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Activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway by interleukin-1 after hypoxia/ischemia in neonatal rat hippocampus and cortex, Xiaoming Hu; Olivera Nesic Taylor,; Jingxin Qiu; Harriett C. Rea; Roderick Fabian; David K. Rassin; and J Regino Perez-Polo

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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Mental Health: Summary, H. M. Schachter, K. Kourad, Zul Merali, A. Lumb, K. Tran, and M. Miguelez

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Exogenous Bcl-XLFusion Protein SparesNeurons After Spinal Cord Injury, Olivera Nesic Taylor,; D. Cittelly; Z. Ye; G. Y. Xu; G. Unabia; N. M. Svrakic; X. H. Liu; R. J. Youle; T. G. Wood; and D. McAdoo

Submissions from 2004

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Use and perception of the psychostimulant, khat (catha edulis) among three occupational groups in south western Uganda, Amadi O. Ihunwo, F IB Kayanja, and U B. Amadi-Ihunwo

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Does amygdaloid corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mediate anxiety-like behaviors? Dissociation of anxiogenic effects and CRH release, Zul Merali, S. Khan, D. S. Michaud, S. A. Shippy, and H. Anisman

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Anticipatory Cues Differentially Provoke In Vivo Peptidergic and Monoaminergic Release at the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Zul Merali, Judy McIntosh, and Hymie Anisman

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Bombesin-like peptides and associated receptors within the brain: distribution and behavioral implications, Terry W. Moody and Zul Merali

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Amygdala amino acid and monoamine levels in genetically Fast and Slow kindling rat strains during massed amygdala kindling: a microdialysis study, Rick S. Shin, Hymie Anisman, Zul Merali, and Dan C. McIntyre

Submissions from 2003

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Cytokines, stress and depressive illness: brain-immune interactions, Hymie Anisman and Zul Merali

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Sensitization associated with stressors and cytokine treatments, Hymie Anisman, Zul Merali, and Shawn Hayley

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Neurochemical sensitization associated with systemic administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: adjuvant action in combination with bovine serum albumin, Hymie Anisman, Nicolas P. Turrin, Zul Merali, and Shawn Hayley

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Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties, R. Awad, J. T. Arnason, V. Trudeau, C. Bergeron, J. W. Budzinski, B. C. Foster, and Zul Merali

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Inhibition of calpains prevents neuronal and behavioral deficits in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's diseas, Stephen J. Crocker, Patrice D. Smith, Vernice Jackson-Lewis, Wiplore R. Lamba, Shawn P. Hayley, Erich Grimm, Steve M. Callaghan, Ruth S. Slack, Edon Melloni, and Zul Merali

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Stress and Cytokine-elicited Neuroendocrine and Neurotransmitter Sensitization: Implications for Depressive Illness, Shawn Hayley, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman

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Anxiety in rats selectively bred for Fast and Slow kindling rates: situation-specific outcomes, Owen P. Kelly, Judy McIntosh, Dan C. McIntyre, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman

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Evaluation of the effects of chronic mild stressors on hedonic and physiological responses: sex and strain compared, Anne T. M. Konkle, Stephanie L. Baker, Amanda C. Kentner, Lisa Santa-Maria Barbagallo, Zul Merali, and Catherine Bielajew

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Degeneration of β-amyloid-associated cholinergic structures in transgenic APPSW mice, Hans-Joachim Lüth, Jenny Apelt, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Thomas Arendt, and Reinhard Schliebs

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Dissociating anorexia and anhedonia elicited by interleukin-1beta: antidepressant and gender effects on responding for "free chow" and "earned" sucrose intake, Zul Merali, Kelly Brennan, Patricia Brau, and Hymie Anisman

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Validation of a simple, ethologically relevant paradigm for assessing anxiety in mice, Zul Merali, Carla Levac, and Hymie Anisman

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Differential involvement of amygdaloid CRH system(s) in the salience and valence of the stimuli, Zul Merali, David Michaud, Judy McIntosh, Pamela Kent, and Hymie Anisman

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Differential impact of audiogenic stressors on Lewis and Fischer rats: behavioral, neurochemical, and endocrine variations, David S. Michaud, J. McLean, Stephen E. Keith, Catherine Ferrarotto, Shawn Hayley, Samir A. Khan, Hymie Anisman, and Zul Merali

Submissions from 2002

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Cytokines as a stressor: implications for depressive illness, Hymie Anisman, Shawn Hayley, Nicolas Turrin, and Zul Merali

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Further evidence for the depressive effects of cytokines: anhedonia and neurochemical changes, Hymie Anisman, Larry Kokkinidis, and Zul Merali

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Cytokines, stress, and depressive illnes, Hymie Anisman and Zul Merali

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The effects of chronic mild stress on male Sprague-Dawley and Long Evans rats: I. Biochemical and physiological analyses, C. Bielajew, A.T.M Konkle, and Zul Merali

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Effects of short-term administration of valproate on serotonin-1A and dopamine receptor function in healthy human subjects, Nicholas J. Delva, Deborah L. Brooks, Michael Franklin, Khalid Al-Said, Emily R. Hawken, Zul Merali, J. Stuart Lawson, and Arun V. Ravindran

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The acute and sensitization effects of tumor necrosis factor-α: implications for immunotherapy as well as psychiatric and neurological conditions, Shawn Hayley, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman