Protection from natural immunity against enteric infections and etiology-specific diarrhea in a longitudinal birth cohort
Document Type
Article
Department
Paediatrics and Child Health
Abstract
Background:
The degree of protection conferred by natural immunity is unknown for many enteropathogens, but is important to support the development of enteric vaccines.
Method:
we used the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model to estimate the effects of previous infections on the incidence of subsequent subclinical infections and diarrhea in children under 2 using quantitative molecular diagnostics in the MAL-ED cohort. We used cross-pathogen negative control associations to correct bias due to confounding by unmeasured heterogeneity of exposure and susceptibility.
Result:
prior rotavirus infection was associated with a 50% lower hazard (calibrated hazard ratio (cHR): 0.50, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.62) of subsequent rotavirus diarrhea. Strong protection was evident against Cryptosporidium diarrhea (cHR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.51). There was also protection due to prior infections for norovirus GII (cHR against diarrhea: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.91), astrovirus (cHR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.81), and Shigella (cHR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95). Minimal protection was observed for other bacteria, adenovirus 40/41, and sapovirus.
Conclusion:
Natural immunity was generally stronger for the enteric viruses than bacteria, potentially due to less antigenic diversity. Vaccines against major causes of diarrhea may be feasible, but likely need to be more immunogenic than natural infection
Publication (Name of Journal)
The Journal of infectious diseases
Recommended Citation
Rogawski McQuade, E. T.,
Liu, J.,
Kang, G.,
Kosek, M. N.,
M Lima, A. A.,
Bessong, P. O.,
Samie, A.,
Haque, R.,
Mduma, E. R.,
Bessong, P. O.,
Iqbal, N.,
Bhutta, Z. A.
(2020). Protection from natural immunity against enteric infections and etiology-specific diarrhea in a longitudinal birth cohort. The Journal of infectious diseases.
Available at:
https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_women_childhealth_paediatr/819