Sex differences in long-term outcomes after traumatic injury: A mediation analysis
Document Type
Article
Department
General Surgery
Abstract
Background: We sought to examine the association and potential mediators between sex and long-term trauma outcomes.
Methods: Moderately-to-severely injured patients admitted to 3 level-1 trauma centers were contacted between 6 and 12-months post-injury to assess for functional limitations, use of pain medications, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were used to compare long-term outcomes by sex. Potential mediators of the relationship between sex and outcomes was explored using mediation analysis.
Results: 2607 patients were followed, of which 45% were female. Compared to male, female patients were more likely to have functional limitations (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.31-1.60), take pain medications (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02-1.38), and screen positive for PTSD (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.46-1.76) post-injury. Age, extremity injury, previous psychiatric illness, and pre-injury unemployment, partially mediated the effect of female sex on long-term outcomes.
Conclusions: There are significant sex differences in long-term trauma outcomes, which are partially driven by patient and injury-related factors.
Publication (Name of Journal)
The American Journal of Surgery
Recommended Citation
Herrera-Escobar, J. P.,
Moheb, M. E.,
Ranjit, A.,
Weed, C.,
Brasel, K.,
Kasotakis, G.,
Kaafarani, H. A.,
Velmahos, G.,
Nehra, D.,
Haider, A. H.,
Jarman, M.,
Salim, A.
(2021). Sex differences in long-term outcomes after traumatic injury: A mediation analysis. The American Journal of Surgery.
Available at:
https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_surg_gen/103
Comments
Volume, issue, and pagination are not provided by the author/publisher