The bidirectional double burden of non-communicable diseases and infections

Authors

• Paschal Ruggajo, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
• Davis Amani, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
• Jackline Ngowi, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
• George Msengi, National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Tanzania
• Harrieth Ndumwa
• Mariam Noorani, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
• Blandina T. Mmbaga, KCMC University, Tanzania
• Chrysanthi Skevaki, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Germany
• Harald Renz, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Germany

Document Type

Article

Department

Family Medicine (East Africa); Paediatrics and Child Health (East Africa)

Abstract

The alarming rise in NCDs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, is closely linked to infectious diseases. Despite growing evidence of a bidirectional, mutually reinforcing relationship, these links have received insufficient attention from researchers and healthcare stakeholders.

Publication (Name of Journal)

Nature Immunology

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02696-z

Recommended Citation

Ruggajo, P., Amani, D., Ngowi, J., Msengi, G., Ndumwa, H., Noorani, M., Mmbaga, B. T., Skevaki, C., Renz, H. (2026). The bidirectional double burden of non-communicable diseases and infections. Nature Immunology, 27, 2182-2185.
Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/eastafrica_fhs_mc_intern_med/636