Impact of residential social deprivation on prediction of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: External validation and recalibration of the WATCH-DM score using real world data
Document Type
Article
Department
Cardiology; Office of the Provost
Abstract
Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes are at risk of heart failure hospitalization. As social determinants of health are rarely included in risk models, we validated and recalibrated the WATCH-DM score in a diverse patient-group using their social deprivation index (SDI).
Methods: We identified US Veterans with type 2 diabetes without heart failure that received outpatient care during 2010 at Veterans Affairs medical centers nationwide, linked them to their SDI using residential ZIP codes and grouped them as SDI 80% (higher values represent increased deprivation). Accounting for all-cause mortality, we obtained the incidence for heart failure hospitalization at 5 years follow-up; overall and in each SDI group. We evaluated the WATCH-DM score using the C statistic, the Greenwood Nam D'Agostino test χ2 test and calibration plots and further recalibrated the WATCH-DM score for each SDI group using a statistical correction factor.
Results: In 1 065 691 studied patients (mean age 67 years, 25% Black and 6% Hispanic patients), the 5-year incidence of heart failure hospitalization was 5.39%. In SDI group 1 (least deprived) and 5 (most deprived), the 5-year heart failure hospitalization was 3.18% and 11%, respectively. The score C statistic was 0.62; WATCH-DM systematically overestimated heart failure risk in SDI groups 1 to 2 (expected/observed ratios, 1.38 and 1.36, respectively) and underestimated the heart failure risk in groups 4 to 5 (expected/observed ratios, 0.95 and 0.80, respectively). Graphical evaluation demonstrated that the recalibration of WATCH-DM using an SDI group-based correction factor improved predictive capabilities as supported by reduction in the χ2 test results (801-27 in SDI groups I; 623-23 in SDI group V).
Conclusions: Including social determinants of health to recalibrate the WATCH-DM score improved risk prediction highlighting the importance of including social determinants in future clinical risk prediction models.
Publication (Name of Journal)
Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
DOI
10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.123.010166
Recommended Citation
Deo, S. V.,
Al-Kindi, S.,
Motairek, I.,
McAllister, D.,
Shah, A. V.,
Elgudin, Y. E.,
Gorodeski, E. Z.,
Virani, S. S.,
Petrie, M. C.,
Rajagopalan, S.,
Sattar, N.
(2024). Impact of residential social deprivation on prediction of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: External validation and recalibration of the WATCH-DM score using real world data. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 17(3), e010166.
Available at:
https://ecommons.aku.edu/provost_office/496
Comments
Pagination is not provided by the author/publisher.