Factors affecting sleep quality of patients hospitalized in the internal medicine wards at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Document Type

Article

Department

School of Nursing and Midwifery, Pakistan; Internal Medicine; Community Health Sciences

Abstract

Background: Sleep is a basic human need that is necessary for daily function, maintaining health and speedy recovery. Several factors affect sleep during hospitalization. However, very few studies have specifically been conducted in internal medicine wards to address this issue in Pakistan.
Aims: The aims of this study were to assess sleep quality and to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors associated with sleep quality among hospitalized internal medicine patients.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional analytical research design was used in this study. One hundred fifty-seven patients participated in this study utilizing convenient sampling techniques. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was used to evaluate sleep quality, while the researcher developed Questionnaire for Assessing Environmental Factors was used to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors associated with sleep quality. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 26.
Result: Overall, 71.3 % of participants reported poor sleep quality based on PSQI scores (>5), with a mean score of 6.94 ± 3.07. Sleep duration (1.87 ± 0.81) and subjective sleep quality (1.38 ± 0.52) were the most affected subcomponents. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the gender (AOR = 3.01, 95 % CI: 1.25–7.23), neurodegenerative diseases (AOR = 7.74, 95 % CI: 1.27–46.89), nephrology (AOR = 3.42, 95 % CI: 1.36–8.61), and surrounding noise (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.13–1.85) significantly impacted sleep quality.
Conclusion: The majority of hospitalized patients experienced poor sleep quality. Gender, medical condition, and surrounding noise affected sleep quality. Nurses and other health care professions can resolve the issue by providing individualized care, establishing a safe environment, and reducing excessive noise.

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Publication (Name of Journal)

Advancing Medical-Surgical Nursing

DOI

10.1016/j.amsn.2026.100056

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