Self-reported illnesses in Thatta: Evidence from a rural and underdeveloped district in Sindh province, Pakistan
Document Type
Article
Department
Community Health Sciences; Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Abstract
Introduction: Self-reported illnesses (SRI) surveys are widely used as a low-cost substitute for weak Disease Surveillance Systems in low- and low-middle-income countries. In this paper, we report findings of a district-level disease prevalence survey of all types of illnesses including chronic, infectious, injuries and accidents, and maternal and child health in a rural district in Pakistan.
Methods: A district-level survey was conducted in Thatta in 2019 with a population-representative sample of all ages (n = 7811) a. Survey included questions on demographics and SRIs from the respondents. Prevalence was estimated for all SRIs categorized into six major and 16 minor illnesses. The influence of important socio-demographic covariates on the illnesses and multiple comorbidities was explored by estimating prevalence ratios with a Generalized Linear Model of the Poisson family and by Zero-Inflated Poison Distribution respectively.
Findings: 36.57% of the respondents to the survey reported at least one SRI. Prevalence of communicable illnesses was 20.7%, followed by non-communicable illnesses (4.8%), Gastrointestinal disorders (4.4%), and injuries/disabilities (1.9%). Urban inhabitants were more likely to have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders (3.34%) and Diabetes (1.62%). Females were most likely to have injuries (1.20,), disabilities (1.59), and Musculoskeletal Disorders (1.25). Children aged < 1 year (0.80) and elderly >65 years (0.78) were more likely to have comorbidities.
Discussion: Our estimated prevalence of SRI is quite higher than the prevalence of unknown SRIs in national-level surveys in Pakistan. This research's findings serve as an example of aiding evidence-based priority settings within the health sector. Our findings on gender, and young and old age as positive predictors of SRI are consistent with similar surveys in a few LMICs.
Recommendation and conclusion: We provide evidence of a complete disease profile of a district that is otherwise unavailable in the country. This study can reshape the existing health surveys and to aid evidence-based priority settings in the health sector. We, however, support strengthening the Disease Surveillance System as a reliable source of disease prevalence data.
Publication (Name of Journal)
PLOS ONE
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0293790
Recommended Citation
Malik, A. M.,
Batool, R.,
Ahmed, M.,
Abbasi, I. N.,
Fatmi, Z. A.,
Saleem, S.,
Siddiqi, S.
(2025). Self-reported illnesses in Thatta: Evidence from a rural and underdeveloped district in Sindh province, Pakistan. PLOS ONE, 20(1), 1-14.
Available at:
https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/1215
