Altered sperm parameters and subclinical hypothyroidism; a cross sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

Document Type

Article

Department

Biological and Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the thyroid hormone (TH) profile in male infertile subjects with normal and altered sperm parameters and assess its relationship with spermogram and reproductive hormones.
Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi from August 2017 till September 2018 on three hundred and seventy-six male subjects between 25 to 55 years of age. The reference values for the "Normal Sperm Parameters" group was; sperm count (TC) >39 million per ejaculate, total sperm motility (Progressive and Non-progressive) > 40%, and normal morphology of ≥ 4%. Male subjects, having any one of the sperm parameters below the reference values comprised the group of "Altered Sperm Parameters".The thyroid profile; Thyroxine (T4,) triiodo thyronine (T3), thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroid Peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO) was estimated in addition to reproductive hormones Testosterone and Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Independent sample T test and Analysis of Variance was applied for comparison of groups. Linear regression was performed and unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficient with 95% CI was reported. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Two hundred and sixteen subjects had normal, whereas one hundred and sixty had 'Abnormal Sperm Parameters'. In 'Normal Sperm Parameter' group; two hundred and six (95.3%) were euthyroid while ten (4.6%) were having subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Amongst the 'Abnormal Sperm Parameters' group; eighty-seven (54%) subjects were euthyroid, sixty-two (38.75%) had SCH and eleven (6.8%) were having overt hypothyroidism. Testosterone and SHBG were significantly lower in 'Altered Sperm Parameters' group as compared to 'Normal Sperm Parameters' (p<0.001 for both).
Conclusion: A higher frequency of SCH, decreased levels of testosterone and SHBG was observed in the 'Altered Sperm Parameters" group. The results establish relationship of disturbance in TH with alteration of sperm parameters and reproductive hormones thus contributing to male infertility.

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Publication (Name of Journal)

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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