Date of Award

11-26-2025

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Bioethics

First Advisor

Kausar S. Khan

Second Advisor

Dr. Salma Rattani

Third Advisor

Dr Kulsoom Ghias

Department

Educational Development

Abstract

Background: Research misconduct is a significant issue that undermines the credibility of any research and in a health-related context can have serious consequences. This happens despite presence of policies and committees in Pakistan however there is persistent issue due to effectiveness and enforcement therefore addressing this issue is essential to promote responsible conduct in research.
Objective: The study explored the experiences of reviewers in identifying and addressing research misconduct in health-related studies, assessed the effectiveness of existing systems and policies, and developed recommendations for improving processes to minimize misconduct.
Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted with a three-round Delphi method adopted for this study with 21 reviewers belonging to different academic ranks and disciplines in health sciences. Open-ended questionnaires in the first round followed by Likert scale in the second were provided and another open-ended questionnaire in third round for consensus. Thematic analysis was conducted and in addition predictive modelling was also performed. The findings were interpreted considering organizational and bioethical theories.
Results: Five central themes emerged: 1. policy ineffectiveness, 2. inadequate training, 3. weak monitoring and enforcement, 4. lack of awareness and 4 5. limited amount of transparency. The participants emphasized having more structured programs relevant to research ethics, transparent reporting mechanisms and independent bodies to oversee implementation of policies. Predictive modelling highlighted policy reform and training as the strongest predictors of future improvements in research integrity.
Discussion: Interpretation through organizational and ethical frameworks established that accountability and avenues to improve such as certification programs, formation of research integrity offices and contextually relevant policies are missing which if incorporated can result in positive outcomes for society. Conclusion: Research concluded that in local setting, understanding of research misconduct is at a primitive stage and therefore requires more integrated approach for it to be countered. Through education, policy reform and implementation, can drive better outcomes

First Page

1

Last Page

92

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