Document Type
Article
Department
Paediatrics and Child Health (East Africa); Obstetrics and Gynaecology (East Africa)
Abstract
It is unclear whether early child development is, like skeletal growth, similar across diverse regions with adequate health and nutrition. We prospectively assessed 1307 healthy, well-nourished 2-year-old children of educated mothers, enrolled in early pregnancy from urban areas without major socioeconomic or environmental constraints, in Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and UK. We used a specially developed psychometric tool, WHO motor milestones and visual tests. Similarities across sites were measured using variance components analysis and standardised site differences (SSD). In 14 of the 16 domains, the percentage of total variance explained by between-site differences ranged from 1.3% (cognitive score) to 9.2% (behaviour score). Of the 80 SSD comparisons, only six were >±0.50 units of the pooled SD for the corresponding item. The sequence and timing of attainment of neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours in early childhood are, therefore, likely innate and universal, as long as nutritional and health needs are met.
Publication (Name of Journal)
Nature Communications
Recommended Citation
Villar, J.,
Fernandes, M.,
Purwar, M.,
Staines-Urias, E.,
Di Nicola, P.,
Ismail, L. C.,
Ochieng, R.,
Barros, F.,
Carvalho, M.,
Albernaz, E.
(2019). Neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours are similar among healthy children across diverse geographical locations. Nature Communications, 10(511).
Available at:
https://ecommons.aku.edu/eastafrica_fhs_mc_paediatr_child_health/162
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.