Identifying those at risk: predicting patient factors associated with worse EGS outcomes

Authors

Komal Abdul Rahim, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Namra Qadeer Shaikh, Aga Khan University
Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir, Aga Khan University
Asma A H. Merchant, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Noreen Afzal, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Saad Bin Zafar Mahmood, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Mushyada Ali, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Z Samad, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Adil Haider Haider, Aga Khan UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Department

Center of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies; Community Health Sciences; Neurosurgery; Cardiology; Medical College Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Comorbidity has a detrimental impact on Emergency General Surgery (EGS) outcomes. In lesser-developed countries with inconsistent documentation of comorbid conditions, undiagnosed and progressively worsening comorbidities can worsen EGS outcomes. We aimed to discern the comorbidity index as a predictor of complications and inpatient mortality in EGS using a large South Asian sample population.
Materials and methods: Data of adult patients with AAST-defined EGS diagnoses at primary index admission from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved. Patients were categorized into predefined EGS groups using ICD-9 CM codes. Primary exposure was comorbidity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The primary outcome was inpatient mortality, and the secondary outcome was complication status. Multiple logistic and Cox regression with Weibull distribution was performed.
Results: Analysis of 32 280 patients showed a mean age of 40.06±16.87 years. Overall comorbidity, inpatient mortality, and complication rates were 44.6%, 2.42% and 36.37%, respectively. Patients with moderate CCI had the highest complications (AOR 6.61, 95% CI 5.91, 7.37), and severe comorbidity had the highest hazards (AOR 3.79, 95% CI 2.89, 4.98). Male gender, increasing age, emergent admission status, and lack of insurance were associated with moderate and severe CCI, resulting in prolonged length of stay (5.72 and 5.83 days), reduced survival time (20.04 and 21.95 days), and higher mortality rates (10.52% and 9.48%).
Conclusions: We identified predictive patient-level factors associated with higher CCI and worse EGS outcomes. Our findings can help stratify population subsets at risk of worse outcomes, provide valuable insight into disease progression, and aid decision-making in EGS patients.

Comments

Pagination is not provided by author/publisher.

Publication (Name of Journal)

Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open

DOI

10.1136/tsaco-2024-001690

Recommended Citation

Rahim, K. A., Shaikh, N. Q., Lakhdir, M. A., Merchant, A. H., Afzal, N., Mahmood, S. Z., Bakhshi, S. K., Ali, M., Samad, Z., Haider, A. H. (2025). Identifying those at risk: predicting patient factors associated with worse EGS outcomes. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open, 10(2).
Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/cete/12