). Phytoremediation of Composite Industrial Effluent using Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn): A Lab-Scale Experimental Investigation.

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Faculty of Arts and Sciences

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Phytoremediation of Composite Industrial Effluent using Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn): A Lab-Scale Experimental Investigation

by Arwa A. AL-Huqail 1,†, Piyush Kumar 2,*, Ebrahem M. Eid 3,4,†, Mostafa A. Taher 5,6, Pankaj Kumar 2, Bashir Adelodun 7,8, Željko Andabaka 9, Boro Mioč 9, Valentino Držaić 9, Archana Bachheti 10, Jogendra Singh 2, Vinod Kumar 2,† and Ivan Širić 9,* 1 Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia 2 Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India 3 Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia 4 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt 5 Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia 6 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt 7 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Nigeria 8 Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 9 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 10 Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. † These authors contributed equally to this work. Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9500; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159500 Submission received: 3 July 2022 / Revised: 27 July 2022 / Accepted: 31 July 2022 / Published: 2 August 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, Pollution Control and Resource Recovery) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes

Abstract

This study investigates the phytoremediation of composite industrial effluent (CIE) released from multiple industries within the SIIDCUL cluster, Haridwar, India, using the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plant. Batch-mode phytoremediation experiments were conducted using three selected concentrations (0%: borewell water as control, 50%, and 100%) of CIE for 45 days. Results show that the N. nucifera plant significantly reduced loads of physicochemical and heavy metal pollutants of CIE. In particular, the maximal removal of total dissolved solids (TDS: 89.56%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 78.20%), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 79.41%), total Kjeldahl’s nitrogen (TKN: 86.48%), phosphorus (P: 76.37%), cadmium (Cd: 70.37%), copper (Cu: 85.82%), chromium (Cr: 68.61%), iron (Fe: 72.86%), lead (Pb: 76.92%), and zinc (Zn: 74.51%) pollutants was noted in the 50% CIE concentration treatment. Heavy metal bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (>1) for root and leaf parts show that the N. nucifera plant was a hyperaccumulator. However, the contents of heavy metals were higher in the root than the leaf part of the N. nucifera plant. Moreover, the selected plant growth attributes such as fresh plant biomass (760.70 ± 8.77 g/plant; without flowers), chlorophyll content (4.30 ± 0.22 mg/g fwt.), plant height (154.05 ± 4.55 cm), root length (70.35 ± 2.42 cm), leaf spread (41.58 ± 0.26 cm), number of leaves (10.00 ± 1.00 per plant), and number of flowers (16.00 ± 2.00) were also maximal in the 50% CIE concentration. This study provides a sustainable approach towards the effective biotreatment of noxious mixed effluent using plant-based green technology.

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This work was published before the author joined Aga Khan University.

Publication (Name of Journal)

Sustainability

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159500

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