Longitudinal association between parental-to-child-maltreatment and self-reported generalized anxiety disorder symptoms in Pakistani adolescents

Authors

Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Ghazal Peerwani, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Salman Muhammad Soomar, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Apsara Ali, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Salima Farooq, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Naureen Akber Ali, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Asif Khaliq, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Muhammad Masood Kadir, Aga Khan UnviversityFollow
Syed Iqbal Azam, Aga Khan UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Department

Community Health Sciences; Paediatrics and Child Health; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Parent-to-child maltreatment is considered one of the risk factors for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms, but this hypothesis has not been adequately tested in Pakistani settings.
Aim: This study aimed to examine the association between parent-to-child maltreatment and the risk of developing GAD symptoms among adolescents.
Methods: The association of none to rare, occasionally, and frequently parent-to-child maltreatment with the incidence of GAD symptoms was investigated in a sample of 800 adolescents aged 11-17 years who were followed for two years. Parent-to-child maltreatment was assessed using ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool). GAD Symptoms were determined by SCARED (Screen for children anxiety-related disorders). Cox Proportional Algorithm was used to estimate risk ratios.
Results: Among children with both uneducated parents, frequently maltreatment was associated with 7.31 (2.20-24.04) times the risk of GAD symptoms compared to none to rare maltreatment. In contrast, the risk of GAD symptoms in frequently maltreated children was 5.58 times (1.40-21.97) than negligibly maltreated children with either educated parent.
Conclusion: The frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing GAD symptoms in which parental education plays a crucial role. Parents should be imparted with the awareness of the consequences of child maltreatment. In Pakistani settings the need to have this awareness is even more necessary due to the culturally acceptable disciplinary measures used by parents.

Comments

Pagination are not provided by the author/publisher

Publication (Name of Journal)

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

Recommended Citation

Ali Lakhdir, M. P., Peerwani, G., Soomar, S. M., Ali, A., Farooq, S., Ali, N. A., Khaliq, A., Kadir, M., Azam, S. I. (2021). Longitudinal association between parental-to-child-maltreatment and self-reported generalized anxiety disorder symptoms in Pakistani adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 15(1), 36.
Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/921

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.