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Document Type

Review Article

Abstract

Background and objective: Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) represent a major global healthcare challenge, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. These disorders are characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive and motor functions. Current therapeutic strategies offer only limited disease modification, highlighting the urgent need for more effective treatment approaches. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward both natural and synthetic compounds as potential preventive and therapeutic agents for NDs. The objective of this narrative review was to investigate and summarize the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of natural and synthetic compounds in the prevention and management of NDs.

Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted focusing on the neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of natural molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and omega-3 fatty acids, as well as synthetic compounds including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, cholinesterase inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and NMDA receptor antagonists.

Review: Natural compounds demonstrate significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, disrupt pathological protein aggregation, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, and enhance neuronal resilience. Synthetic agents have shown benefits in improving cognitive function, modulating neurotransmitter activity, and enhancing patients’ quality of life.

Conclusion: Natural and synthetic compounds provide valuable therapeutic prospects for the management of NDs. However, large-scale and rigorously designed clinical trials are essential to establish their long-term safety, efficacy, and clinical applicability.

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