The Department of Paediatrics and Child Health is committed to achieving our vision and mission of a “Children’s Hospital within a Hospital,” building on pillars of quality service improvement, client satisfaction and efficiency. ​​ Over the years, we have steadily grown our highly qualified faculty in order to ensure that quality and personalized training is available to our residents. Our paediatric service facilities at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi provide a fully equipped, modern medical learning environment. Our faculty is well qualified and offer dedicated inpatient and outpatient services at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi with various areas of specialization that include; critical care and emergency medicine, endocrinology and metabolic disorders, neonatology, neurology, hematoncology, respiratory medicine, gastroenterology, nutrition and infectious diseases. Over and above clinical and teaching responsibilities, many members of our faculty engage in research with publications on various topics such as leukemia in children, HIV and epilepsy, neonatal growth parameters as well as drug therapy for children in Africa.

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Submissions from 2024

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Association of maternal prenatal copper concentration with gestational duration and preterm birth: a multicountry meta-analysis Author links open overlay panel., Nagendra Monangi, Huan Xu, Yue-Mei Fan, Rasheeda Khanam, Waqasuddin Khan, Saikat Deb, Jesmin Pervin, Joan Price, Lovejeet Kaur, and R. Ochieng

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Post-discharge malaria chemoprevention in children admitted with severe anaemia in malaria-endemic settings in Africa: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, Kamija Phiri, Carole Khairallah, Titus Kwambai, Kalifa Bojang, Aggrey Dhabangi, Robert Opoka, Richard Idro, Kasia Stepniewska, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, and Chandy C John

Submissions from 2023

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CPAP failure in the management of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome where surfactant is scarce. A prospective observational study, Yaser Abdallah, Martha Mkony, Mariam Noorani, Robert Moshiro, Mohamed Bakari, and Karim Manji

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Renin as a biomarker of acute kidney Injury and mortality in children with severe malaria or sickle cell disease, Daniel Adan, Anthony Batte, Ruth Namazzi, Ivan Mufumba, Caroline Kazinga, Kagan Mellencamp, Caitlin Bond, Robert Opoka, Chandy John, and Andrea Conroy

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Effect of Malaria and Malaria Chemoprevention Regimens in Pregnancy and Childhood on Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes in Children at 12, 24, and 36 Months: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Paul Bangirana, Andrea Conroy, Robert Opoka, Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, Jeong Jang, Claire Apayi, Abel Kakuru, Mary Muhindo, Michael Georgieff, and Grant Dorsey

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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers provide evidence for kidney-brain axis involvement in cerebral malaria pathogenesis, Andrea L. Conroy, Dibyadyuti Datta, Robert Opoka, Anthony Batte, Paul Bangirana, Adnan Gopinadhan, Kagan A. Mellencamp, Ayse Akcan-Arikan, Richard Idro, and Chandy C. John

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A survey of barriers and facilitators to caffeine use for apnoea of prematurity in low- and middle-income countries, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Jesse Coleman, Mary Waiyego, Florence Murila, William Macharia, and Roseline Ochieng

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The incidence and modifiable risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study, Kelvin Gitau, R. Ochieng, Mary Limbe, Caroline Kathomi, and James Orwa

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The incidence and modifiable risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis inpreterm infants a retrospective cohort study, Kelvin Gitau, Roseline Ochieng, Mary Limbe, Caroline Kathomi, and James Orwa

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Developing and testing a clinical care bundle incorporating caffeine citrate to manage apnoea of prematurity in a resource-constrained setting: a mixed methods clinical feasibility study protocol, Grace Irimu, Ferdinand Okwaro, Jesse Coleman, Mary Waiyego, Dorothy Chomba, Millicent Parsimei, Cynthia Shitote, Roseline Ochieng, Jasmit Shah, and William Macharia

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Effect of hydroxyurea treatment on body composition in children with sickle cell anemia in Uganda using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), Dennis Kalibala, Catherine Nabaggala, Lynnth Turyagyenda, Shubaya Naggayi, Maxencia Kabatabaazi, Caterina Rosano, Deogratias Munube, Phillip Kasirye, John Ssenkusu, and Robert Opoka

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Screening utility and acceptability of the Kiswahili-pGALS (paediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine) at a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya-A diagnostic accuracy study, Jacqueline Kawishe, Anthony Ngugi, Stanley Luchters, Helen Foster, and Angela Migowa

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Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese children seeking ambulatory healthcare in Nairobi, Kenya, Anne Njeri Mburu, Ahmed Laving, William Macharia, and Joyce Sande

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World Allergy Organization (WAO) diagnosis and rationale for action against Cow's milk allergy (DRACMA) guidelines update – X – breastfeeding a baby with cow's milk allergy, Vicki McWilliam, Merryn Netting, Evelyn Volders, Debra Palmer, Ignacio Ansotegui, Stefania Arasi, Amal H. Assa'ad, Sami L. Bahna, Antonio Bognanni, and Rose Kamenwa

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An iceberg I can’t handle: a qualitative inquiry on perceptions towards paediatric rheumatology among healthcare workers in Kenya, Angela Migowa, Sasha Bernatsky, Anthony Ngugi, Helen E. Foster, Peter Muriuki, Adelaide Lusambili, and Stanley Luchters

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Bridging gaps: a qualitative inquiry on improving paediatric rheumatology care among healthcare workers in Kenya, Angela Migowa, Sasha Bernatsky, Anthony Ngugi, Helen Foster, Peterrock Muriuki, Roselyter Riang’a, and Stanley Luchters

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Pediatric Malaria with Respiratory Distress: Prognostic Significance of Point-of-Care Lactate, Catherine Mitran, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Kevin Kain, and Michael Hawkes

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Blood culture versus antibiotic use for neonatal inpatients in 61 hospitals implementing with the NEST360 Alliance in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania: a cross-sectional study, Sarah Murless-Collins, Kondwani Kawaza, Nahya Salim, Elizabeth Molyneux, Msandeni Chiume, Jalemba Aluvaala Aluvaala, William Macharia, Veronica Chinyere Ezeaka, Opeyemi Odedere, and Donat Shamba

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Health-related Quality of Life of Children with Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease after Nissen Fundoplication and Gastrostomy Tube Insertion, Felix Musibi, Stanley Mugambi, Pauline Samia, and Waceke Nganga

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Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: two case reports, Naomi A. Mwamanenge, Haika K. Mariki, Lucy L. Mpayo, Ernestina E. Mwipopo, Fatima Mussa, Masawa K. Nyamuryekung’e, Yahaya Binde, Said Kiangi, Zaituni Bokhary, Martha Mkony, Yaser Abdallah, and Karim Manji

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Late diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a case report, Naomi A. Mwamanenge, Fatima Mussa, Masawa K. Nyamuryekung’e, Martha Mkony, Yaser Abdallah, and Karim Manji

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Role of hospital leadership in pandemic preparedness: experience at a tertiary hospital in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic, Lucy Mwangi, William Macharia, Benjamin Wachira, Jemimah Kimeu, Boniface Mativa, and Lukoye Atwoli

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Factors associated with clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia among abo-incompatible newborns at a tertiary care hospital in Kenya., Wandera Ivy Mwenesi

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Neurocognitive improvement with hydroxyurea therapy in children with sickle cell anemia in Uganda: Interim analysis at month 18, Shubaya Naggayi, Dennis Kalibala, Robert Opoka, Caterina Rosano, Deogratias Munube, Phillip Kasirye, Ezekiel Mupere, Vincent Mboizi, John Ssenkusu, and Nancy Green

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Zinc for infection prevention in children with sickle cell anemia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, Dibyadyuti Datta, Abner Tagoola, Caitlin Bond, Michael Goings, Sarah Cusick, Nancy Krebs, and Jeong Hoon Jang

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Cardiovascular abnormalities in chest radiographs of children with pneumonia, Uganda, Eva Nawabanuka, Faith Ameda, Geoffrey Erem, Samuel Bugeza, Robert Opoka, Sarah Kivuli, Denis Amorut, Florence Aloroker, p Olupot-Olupot, and Hellen Mnjalla

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Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the chemoprevention of malaria in children with sickle cell anaemia in eastern and southern Africa (CHEMCHA): a protocol for a multi-centre, two-arm, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial, Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe, Bjarne Robberstad, Robert Opoka, Dennis Kalibbala, Joseph Rujumba, Lufina Tsirizani Galileya, Pamela Akun, Winnie Nambatya, John Ssenkusu, and Feiko TerKuile

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Risk factors for seizure recurrence after initial withdrawal of anti-seizure medications in children with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Nicholas Odero, Katherine Oyieke, Sanson Gwer, and Pauline Samia

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Projected health impact of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention among children with severe malarial anaemia in Africa, Lucy Okell, Titus K. Kwambai, Aggrey Dhabangi, Carole Khairallah, Thandile Nkosi-Gondwe, Peter Winskill, Robert Opoka, Andria Mousa, Melf-Jakob Kühl, and Tim C. D. Lucas

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Access to essential cancer medicines for children: a comparative mixed-methods analysis of availability, price, and health-system determinants in East Africa, Kadia Petricca, Joyce Kambugu, Jessie Githang'a, William Macharia, Festus Njuguna, Festus Njuguna, Angela McLigeyo, Mary Nyangasi, Jackson Orem, and Aimable Kanyamuhunga

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Treatment of seizures in the neonate: guidelines and consensus-based recommendations—special report from the ILAE task force on neonatal seizures, Ronit Pressler, Nicholas Abend, Stéphan Auvin, Geraldine Boylan, Francesco Brigo, Maria Roberta Cilio, Linda De Vries, Maurizio Elia, and Pauline Samia

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Telemedicine for individuals with epilepsy: Recommendations from International League Against Epilepsy Telemedicine Task Force, Pauline Samia, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Amza Ali, Roberto Horacio Caraballo, Josephine Chan, Ana Carolina Coan, Pablo Sebastián Fortini, Samson Gwer, Bosanka Jocic-Jakubi, and Najib Kissani

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The ethical and validity conundrum in epilepsy research in LMIC settings, Pauline Samia, Adeel Shah, Archana Patel, Philip Olielo, Lionel Mudave, and Samson Gwer

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Global COVID-19 childhood disability data coordination: A collaborative initiative of the international alliance of academies of childhood disability, Verónica Schiariti, Ana Carolina de Campos, Isabella Pesso ́ta Sudat, Arnab K. Seal, Priscilla E. Springer, Heather Thomson, Susan Wamithi, Guorong Wei, Alicia Spittlei, and Bernadett T. Gillick

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Pediatricians as Childhood Development Advocacy Champions in Kenya and Tanzania: A case study, Reshma Shah, Susan Wamithi, Theopista Masenge, Rosemarie Gachie Lopokoiyit, Terrell Carter, Kiran A. Patel, Sherri L. Smith, and Kim Wilson

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Pediatricians as childhood development advocacy champions in Kenya and Tanzania: A case study, Reshma Shah, Susan Wamithi, Theopista Masenge, Rosemarie Gachie Lopokoiyit Lopokoiyit, Terrell Carter, Kiran A. Patel, Sherri L. Smith, and Kim Wilson

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Biomarkers of growth faltering and neurodevelopmental delay in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected: A systematic review., Reshma Sirajee, Jason Brophy, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, Urvi Rai, Sarah Forgie, and Bukola Oladunni Salami

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Protecting small and sick newborn care in the COVID-19 pandemic: multi-stakeholder qualitative data from four African countries with NEST360, Rosie Steege

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Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a prognostic marker of Ugandan children at risk of severe and fatal malaria, Veselina Stefanova, Michelle Ngai, Andrea Weckman, Julie Wright, Kathleen Zhong, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Chloe McDonald, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, and Robert Opoka

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Cost-effectiveness of hydroxyurea for sickle cell anemia in a low-income African setting: a model-based evaluation of two dosing regimens, David Teigen, Robert Opoka, Phillip Kasirye, Catherine Nabaggala, Heather A. Hume, Bjørn Blomberg, Chandy John, Russell Ware, and Bjarne Robberstad

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Presentation and challenges in management of COVID-19 in sickle cell disease: case report, Sheliza Parvez Thaver, Saliha Shafik Dawood, and Nahida Z. Walli

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Xanthine oxidase levels and immune dysregulation are independently associated with anemia in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Marilyn Vasquez, Margaux Sica, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Julian Sherman, Dibyadyuti Datta, Miquel Duran Frigola, John Ssenkusu, Chandy John, and Andrea Conroy

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Access to pediatric neurology training and services worldwide:A survey by the International Child Neurology Association, Jo M Wilmshurst, Coriene Catsman- Berrevoets, Donald L. Gilbert, Lakshmi Nagarajan, Pauline Samia, Esra Serdaroglu Serdaroglu, Chahnez Triki, Jorge Vidaurre, and Biju Hameed

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Access to Pediatric Neurology training and services worldwide: A survey by the International Child Neurology Association, Jo M. Wilmshurst, Coriene Catsman- Berrevoets, Donald L. Gilbert, Lakshmi Nagarajan, Pauline Samia, Esra Serdaroglu, Chahnez Triki, Jorge Vidaurre, and Biju Hameed

Submissions from 2022

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ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes, Mary B. Abraham, Beate Karges, Klemen Dovc, Diana Naranjo, Ana Maria Arbelaez, Joyce Mbogo, Ganesh Javelikar, Timothy W. Jones, and Farid H. Mahmud

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Soluble T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein 3 in children hospitalized with pneumonia in resource-limited settings, Usman Ahmed, Jeremy Soo, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, Ravi Bhargava, and Michael Hawkes

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Neurocognitive impairment in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia compared to non-sickle siblings, Paul Bangirana, Richard Idro, Robert Opoka, Deogratias Munube, Ezekiel Mupere, Philip Kasirye, Nancy Green, and Amelia Boehme

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Neurocognitive impairment in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia compared to non-sickle siblings, P. Bangirana, R. Idro, Robert Opoka, D. Munube, E. Mupere, P. Kasyire, N. Green, and A. Boehme

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Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is elevated in children with acute kidney injury and sickle cell anemia, and predicts mortality, Anthony Batte, Sahit Menon, John Ssenkusu, Sarah Kiguli, Robert Kalyesubula, Joseph Lubega, Zachary Berrens, Edrisa Ibrahim Mutebi, Rodney Ogwang, and Robert Opoka

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Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with sickle cell anemia, Anthony Batte, Sahit Menon, John Ssenkusu, Sarah Kiguli, Robert Kalyesubula, Joseph Lubega, Edrisa Ibrahim Mutebi, Robert Opoka, Chandy John, and Michelle Starr

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Pediatric Critical care in resource limited settings—lessening the gap through ongoing collaboration, advancement in research and technological innovations, Ashley Bjorklund, Tina Slusher, Louise Tina Day, Mariya Mukhtar Yola, Clark Sleeth, Andrew Kirago, Arianna Shirk, Kristina Krohn, and Robert Opoka

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Impact of oxidative stress on risk of death and readmission in African children with severe malaria: a prospective observational study, Daniel B. Blatt, Benjamin Hanisch, Katrina Co, Dibyadyuti Datta, Caitlin Bond, Robert Opoka, Sarah Cusick, Ian Michelow, and Chandy John

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Maternal BMI, breastfeeding and perinatal factors that influence early childhood growth trajectories: a scoping review, Kayla Y Abrego Del Castillo, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Susan Wamithi, Laurent Briollais, Patrick O. McGowan, Justine Dol, and Stephen J. Lye

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Identification of Key Determinants of Cerebral Malaria Development and Inhibition Pathways, Sung-Jae Cha, Xiang Yu, Brian Gregory, Yong Seok Lee, Tomoko Ishino, Robert Opoka, Chandy John, and Marcelo Jacobs Loreno

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Assessment of neonatal respiratory rate variability, Jesse Coleman, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, William Macharia, Roseline Ochieng, Dorothy Chomba, Guohai Zhou, Dustin Dunsmuir, Walter Karlen, and J. Mark Ansermino

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Evaluation of Sibel’s Advanced Neonatal Epidermal (ANNE) wireless continuous physiological monitor in Nairobi, Kenya, Jesse Coleman, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, William Macharia, Roseline Ochieng, Dorothy Chomba, Guohai Zhou, Dustin Dunsmuir, Shuai Xu, and J. Mark Ansermino

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Blackwater fever and acute kidney injury in children hospitalized with an acute febrile illness: pathophysiology and prognostic significance, Andrea Conroy, Michael Hawkes, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Ivan Mufumba, Michelle Starr, Kathleen Zhong, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, Chandy John, and Kevin C. Kain

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Plasma amino acid concentrations in children with severe malaria are associated with mortality and worse long-term kidney and cognitive outcomes, Andrea Conroy, Tuan M. Tran, Caitlin Bond, Robert Opoka, Dibyadyuti Datta, Edward Liechty, Paul Bangirana, Ruth Namazzi, Richard Idro, and Sarah Cusick

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Women in rheumatology in Africa, Dzifa Dey, Farhanah Paruk, Girish M. Mody, Asgar A. Kalla, Akpabio Akpabio, Mohammed Hassan Abu-Zaid, Riëtte du Toit, Madeleine Ngandeu-Singwe, Uhunmwangho U. Courage, and Angela Migowa

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Elevated plasma soluble ST2 levels are associated with neuronal injury and neurocognitive impairment in children with cerebral malaria, Elizabeth Fernander, Pontian Adogamhe, Dibyadyuti Datta, Caitlin Bond, Yi Zhao, Paul Bangirana, Andrea Conroy, Robert Opoka, and Chandy John

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Whole blood versus red cell concentrates for children with severe anaemia: a secondary analysis of the Transfusion and Treatment of African Children (TRACT) trial, Elizabeth George, Sophie Uyoga, Bridon M'baya, Dorothy Kyeyune Byabazair, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Robert Opoka, George Chagaluka, and Florence Alaroker

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Clinical feasibility of a contactless multiparameter continuous monitoring technology for neonates in a large public maternity hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Sahar Zandi Nia, Dorothy Chomba, Dustin Dunsmuir, Mary Waiyego, Jesse Coleman, Roseline Ochieng, Sichen Liu, Guohai Zhou, J. Mark Ansermino, and William Macharia

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Clinical feasibility of an advanced neonatal epidermal multiparameter continuous monitoring technology in a large public maternity hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Sahar Zandi Nia, Dorothy Chomba, Millicent Parsimei, Dustin Dunsmuir, Mary Waiyego, Jesse Coleman, Roseline Ochieng, Guohai Zhou, and William Macharia

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Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Malaria and Non-Malarial Febrile Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study, Michael Hawkes, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Anthony Batte, Geoffrey Situma, Kathleen Zhong, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, Kevin Cain, and Andrea Conroy

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ILAE definition of the Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions, Edouard Hirsch, Jacqueline French, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Alicia Bogacz, Taoufik Alsaadi, Michael R. Sperling, Fatema Abdulla, Sameer M. Zuberi, Eugen Trinka, Nicola Specchio, Ernest Somerville, and Pauline Samia

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Applying technology to promote sexual and reproductive health and prevent gender based violence for adolescents in low and middle-income countries: digital health strategies synthesis from an umbrella review, Keng-Yen Huang, Manasi Kumar, Sabrina Cheng, Anya Elena Urcuyo, and Paul Macharia

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Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography in children with sickle cell anemia in Uganda in a cross-sectional sample, Richard Idro, Amelia Boehme, Michael Kawooya, Samson Lubowa, Deogratias Munube, Paul Bangirana, Robert Opoka, Ezekiel Mupere, Angela Lignelli, and Philip Kasirye

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Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography findings in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia; A cross sectional study, Richard Idro, Amelia Boehme, Michael Kawooya, Deogratias Munube, Paul Bangirana, Robert Opoka, Ezekiel Mupere, Angela Lignelli, Philip Kasirye, and Nancy Green

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Qualitative study exploring the feasibility, usability and acceptability of neonatal continuous monitoring technologies at a public tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Keny, Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Violet Naanyu, Dorothy Chomba, Mary Waiyego, Jessica Rigg, Jesse Coleman, Bella Hwang, J. Mark Ansermino, William Macharia, and Amy Sarah Ginsburg

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Circulating markers of neutrophil activation and lung injury in pediatric pneumonia in low-resource settings, Emily R. Konrad, Jeremy Soo, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, and Michael Hawkes

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Interleukin-18 binding protein in infants and children hospitalized with pneumonia in low-resource settings, Emily Konrad, Jeremy Soo, Andrea Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, and Michael Hawkes

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Renal angina index as a predictor of acute kidney injury in critically ill children, Athul Shelly Kooliyath

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Economic evaluation of postdischarge malaria chemoprevention in preschool children treated for severe anaemia in Malawi, Kenya, and Uganda: A cost-effectiveness analysis, Melf-Jakob Kühl, Thandile Gondwe, Aggrey Dhabangi, Titus K. Kwambai, Amani T. Mori, Robert Opoka, Chandy John, Richard Idro, Feiko O. Ter Kuile, and Kamija S. Phiri

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Factors influencing uptake of human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine among parents of adolescent girls, Irene Nzisa Martin

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Immune and endothelial activation markers and risk stratification of childhood pneumonia in Uganda: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study, Chloe McDonald, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Andrea Conroy, Andrea Weckman, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Michelle Ngai, Clara Erice, Kathleen Zhong, Sophie Namasopo, and Robert Opoka

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Immune and endothelial activation markers and risk stratification of childhood pneumonia in Uganda: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study, Chloe McDonald, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Andrea Conroy, Andrea Weckman, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Michelle Ngai, Clara Erice, Kathleen Zhong, Sophie Namasopo, and Robert Opoka

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Sex as a determinant of disease severity and clinical outcome in febrile children under five presenting to a regional referral hospital in Uganda, Chloe R. McDonald, Andrea Weckman, Emma Richardson, Michael Hawkes, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opoka, Andrea Conroy, and Kevin C. Kain

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Evaluation of a competency based medical curriculum in a Sub-Saharan African medical school, Jane McKenzie-White, Aloysius G. Mubuuke, Sara Westergaard, Ian G. Munabi, Robert C. Bollinger, Robert Opoka, Scovia Mbalinda, David Katete, Yukari Manabe, and Sarah Kiguli

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Implementation of solar powered oxygen delivery in a conflict zone: preliminary findings from Somalia on feasibility and usefulness, Qaasim Mian, Mamunur Rahman Malik, Mohamed Adam Alinor, Shajib Hossain, Jitendar Kumar Sharma, Osman Moallim Hassan, Abdiwali Mohamed Ahmed, Abdiweli Abdullahi Jama, Andrew Okello, and Robert Opoka

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Incubator poster presentations, Q Mian, Andrea Conroy, Robert Opoka, Sophie Namasopo, Michael Hawkes, S Peermohamed, J Kosar, E Lytvyak, K Trepanier, and A Doroshenko

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Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in resource limited settings: The Kenyan Experience, Angela Migowa, Pauline Samia, Del-Rossi Sean, Oliver Ombeva Malande, Jasmit Shah, Chemutai Kenei, Joy Ayaya, Daisy Jeruto, Laura Oyiengo, and Laura Lewandowski

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Variability of respiratory rate measurements in neonates- every minute counts, Catherine Muthoni, J. Mark Ansermino, William Macharia, and Dustin T. Dunsmuir

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Acute kidney injury, persistent kidney disease, and post-discharge morbidity and mortality in severe malaria in children: a prospective cohort study, Ruth Namazzi, Anthony Batte, Paul Bangirana, Robert Opoka, Andrew Schwaderer, Zachary Berrens, Dibyadyuti Datta, Michael Goings, John Ssenkusu, and Stuart Goldstein

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High disease burden, morbidity and mortality among children with sickle cell anaemia in Uganda, Ruth Namazzi,; Andrea Conroy; Caitlin Bond; Goings M; Dibyadyuti Datta; Ware R; and Robert Opoka

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High disease burden, morbidity and mortality among children with sickle cell anaemia in Uganda, Ruth Namazzi, Andrea Conroy, Caitlin Bond, Goings M., Dibyadyuti Datta, Ware R, Robert Opoka, and John C

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Acute kidney injury interacts with coma, acidosis, and impaired perfusion to significantly increase risk of death in children with severe malaria, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Dibyadyuti Datta, Paul Bangirana, Anthony Batte, Zachary Berrens, Michael J. Goings, Andrew L. Schwaderer, Andrea L. Conroy, and Chandy C. John

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Significant hyperbilirubinemia among well neonates due for discharge at Kawempe-Mulago Hospital, prevalence, factors associated, and accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubinometry for screening, Carolyn Nassuna, Yaser Abdallah, Charles Karamagi, and Jamir Mugalu

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Single oral or single intramuscular dose of vitamin d in The treatment of vitamin d deficiency in children at Aga Khan University hospital, Nairobi: a randomized controlled trial, Winfred Mwikali Ndaka

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Intestinal injury in Ugandan children hospitalized with malaria, Michelle Ngai, Michael T. Hawkes, Clara Erice, Andrea M. Weckman, Julie Wright, Veselina Stefanova, Robert Opoka, Sophie Namasopo, Andrea Conroy, and Kevin Kain

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Late diagnosis of CHD and its associated factors in Kenya: an analytic cross-sectional study, Mercy Ng’eno, Del-Rossi Sean, Naomi Gachara, Isaac Kihurani, and Gerald Yonga

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Compliance to Complementary Feeding Guidelines in a Tertiary Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, Catherine Njeru, Caroline Mbuba, Anthony Ngugi, and Mary Limbe

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The ward round: friend or foe in postgraduate training? A grounded theory study of residents’ perspectives, Mariam Noorani

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Perceptions of orthopaedic medicine students and their supervisors about practice-based learning: an exploratory qualitative study, Muhamed Nsubuga, Robert Opoka, Moses Galukande, Ian G. Munabi, Aloysius . Mubuuke, and Sarah Kiguli

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Knowledge and practice of pediatricians in Kenya regarding helicobacter pylori infection in children., Aura Mwende Nzinga

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Projected health impact of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention among children under the age of five years with severe malarial anaemia in Africa: a modelling analysis, Lucy Okell, Titus Kwambai, Aggrey Dhabangi, Carole Khairallah, Thandile Nkosi Gondwe, Andria Mousa, Melf Jakob Kuhl, Robert Opoka, Tim Lucas, and Richard Idro

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A predictive algorithm for identifying children with sickle cell anemia among children admitted to hospital with severe anemia in Africa, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Roisin Connon, Sarah Kiguli, Robert Opoka, Florence Alaroker, Sophie Uyoga, Margret Nakuya, William Okiror, Julius Nteziyaremye, and Tonny Ssenyondo

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Tuberculous Meningitis Presenting with Stroke in an Immunocompetent Adolescent: A Case Report, Rukhsar S. Osman, Rahim Damji, Zainab Y. Fidaali, Nahida Walli, and Mariam Noorani

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Hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics and fetal hemoglobin response in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia, Alexandra Power-Hays, Min Dong, Kathryn McElhinney, Andrea Conroy, Teresa Latham, Adam Lane, Robert Opoka, Alexander Vinks, and Russell Ware

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Alternative dosing and prevention of transfusions (adapt): a prospective trial evaluating transfusion utilization and the feasibility of pharmacokinetic hydroxyurea, A. Power-Hays, Ruth Namazzi, C. Kato, Andrea Conroy, H. Hume, C. John, S. Stuber, A. Lane, T. Latham, and Robert Opoka

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SARS-CoV-2 precipitating a stroke in a child? A case report from Tanzani, Rukhsar Sabir Rukhsar Shabir Osman; Saliha Shafik Dawood; Sheliza Parve Sheliza Parvez Thawer,; Shivangi Mukesh Mandania; Mudassir Hussein Amirali,; Maria Nathaniel Bulimba; Nahida Z. Walli; Edward Nkingwa Kija; and Hussein Karim Manji